Enhancing Stormwater Management Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting via Innovative Technologies
Enhancing Stormwater Management Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting via Innovative Technologies
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DOI：
10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001108
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Hunt, W. F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gee, K. D.;Hunt, W. F.
雨水收集 (RWH) 系统提供了双重但往往相反的好处，即作为替代供水源并提供屋顶径流的滞留/保留，否则屋顶径流将成为雨水径流。在非干旱地区使用 RWH 系统同时实现雨水和节水效益时存在的一个主要挑战是，这些系统往往未得到充分利用，因此在大部分时间里都处于满负荷状态。然而，对于缓解雨水径流的系统来说，水箱中必须有足够的空间来存储径流事件。为了提高 RWH 系统作为节水实践和雨水管理实践的能力，采用了两种新颖的方法：主动释放技术和被动释放技术。北卡罗来纳州克雷文县的两个地点安装了 RWH 系统，用于捕获屋顶径流并将其储存起来用于非饮用水用途。一个系统配备了被动释放机制，将储罐分为在风暴事件之间缓慢排水的滞留存储空间和保留用于收获的滞留存储空间。另一个系统包括主动释放机制，可根据实时预测的降水量和当前 RWH 系统条件自动释放收集的水。尽管使用量很少，但这两个系统都提供了显着的雨水缓解效果。被动释放系统平均体积和峰值流量分别减少 82% 和 90%，而主动释放系统平均分别减少 91% 和 93% 峰值流量。这两种机制在彻底改变雨水收集系统的使用以实现节水和雨水管理目标方面展现出巨大的前景。
Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems provide the dual, but often opposing, benefits of acting as alternate water supply sources and providing detention/retention of roof runoff that would otherwise become stormwater runoff. A major challenge that exists when using a RWH system to simultaneously accomplish stormwater and water-conservation benefits in nonarid regions is that these systems are often underutilized, thus remaining full a large portion of the time. For a system to mitigate stormwater runoff, however, there must be sufficient room available in the tank to store a runoff event. Two novel approaches were implemented to improve the ability of RWH systems to serve as both water-conservation practices and stormwater-management practices: an active release technology and a passive release technology. Two locations in Craven County, North Carolina, had RWH systems installed to capture roof runoff and store it for nonpotable uses. One system was equipped with the passive release mechanism, which divided the storage tank into a detention storage volume that was slowly drained between storm events, and a retention storage volume, which was retained for harvesting. The other system included an active release mechanism that automatically released harvested water based on real-time forecasted precipitation and current RWH system conditions. Despite minimal usage, both systems provided substantial stormwater mitigation. The passive release system averaged 82 and 90% volume and peak flow reductions, respectively, while the active release system reduced volumes and peak flows by an average of 91 and 93%, respectively. Both of these mechanisms exhibit great promise in revolutionizing rainwater harvesting system use to meet both water-conservation and stormwater-management goals.