Interaction of metabolic stress with chronic mild stress in altering brain cytokines and sucrose preference.
Interaction of metabolic stress with chronic mild stress in altering brain cytokines and sucrose preference.
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DOI：
10.1037/bne0000056
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Johnson JD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Remus JL;Stewart LT;Camp RM;Novak CM;Johnson JD
越来越多的证据表明，代谢压力会增加生物体患抑郁症的风险。慢性轻度应激是一种流行的抑郁症动物模型，一些偶然的发现表明，在该模型中，在蔗糖测试之前剥夺食物对于观察快感缺失行为是必要的。在这里，我们通过将动物暴露于慢性轻度应激直接测试了这一假设，并在第5天和第10天使用过夜的两瓶蔗糖试验（自由进食），然后剥夺动物过夜的食物和水，并在第二天早上的1小时蔗糖试验中测试其蔗糖消耗和偏好。大约65%的应激动物消耗蔗糖，并在过夜蔗糖试验中显示出与非应激对照相似的蔗糖偏好，而35%的动物显示出蔗糖摄入量和偏好减少。经过一夜的食物和水的剥夺，以前的“弹性”的动物表现出显着下降，蔗糖的偏好和大大减少蔗糖的摄入量。此外，我们评估了食物和水剥夺后快感缺乏的发作是否与皮质酮、肾上腺素、循环葡萄糖或边缘脑区白细胞介素-1 β表达的改变相对应。虽然所有应激动物均显示肾上腺肥大和循环肾上腺素升高，但与禁食对照组相比，仅禁食应激动物出现低血糖。此外，在应激易感动物中，食物和水剥夺显著增加海马IL-1β，而食物和水剥夺仅增加下丘脑IL-1β。这些数据表明，食物和水剥夺的代谢应激与慢性应激源暴露相互作用，诱导生理和快感缺乏反应。
There is growing evidence that metabolic stressors increase an organism’s risk of depression. Chronic mild stress is a popular animal model of depression and several serendipitous findings have suggested that food deprivation prior to sucrose testing in this model is necessary to observe anhedonic behaviors. Here, we directly tested this hypothesis by exposing animals to chronic mild stress and used an overnight two bottle sucrose test (food ad libitum) on day 5 and 10, then food and water deprive animals overnight and tested their sucrose consumption and preference in a 1h sucrose test the following morning. Approximately 65% of stressed animals consumed sucrose and showed a sucrose preference similar to non-stressed controls in an overnight sucrose test, while 35% showed a decrease in sucrose intake and preference. Following overnight food and water deprivation the previously ‘resilient’ animals showed a significant decrease in sucrose preference and greatly reduced sucrose intake. In addition, we evaluated whether the onset of anhedonia following food and water deprivation corresponds to alterations in corticosterone, epinephrine, circulating glucose, or interleukin-1 beta expression in limbic brain areas. While all stressed animals showed adrenal hypertrophy and elevated circulating epinephrine, only stressed animals that were food deprived were hypoglycemic compared to food deprived controls. Additionally, food and water deprivation significantly increased hippocampus IL-1β while food and water deprivation only increased hypothalamus IL-1β in stress susceptible animals. These data demonstrate that metabolic stress of food and water deprivation interacts with chronic stressor exposure to induce physiological and anhedonic responses.