THE CAPTORHINID REPTILE CAPTORHINIKOS VALENSIS FROM THE LOWER PERMIAN VALE FORMATION OF TEXAS, AND THE EVOLUTION OF HERBIVORY IN EUREPTILES
THE CAPTORHINID REPTILE CAPTORHINIKOS VALENSIS FROM THE LOWER PERMIAN VALE FORMATION OF TEXAS, AND THE EVOLUTION OF HERBIVORY IN EUREPTILES
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DOI：
10.1080/02724634.2013.809358
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发表时间：
2014-03-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Reisz, R. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Modesto, Sean P.;Lamb, Amy J.;Reisz, R. R.
Captorhinikos valensis是一种鲜为人知的，多齿的captorhinid爬行动物，产于德克萨斯州的下二叠统谷组。我们对C. valensis的化石显示它是一种小型的莫拉地龙，在上颌骨和齿骨的多排区域最多有五排子弹状牙齿。齿列的轻微放射状组织使C. valensis的齿列平行排列的所有其他莫拉地龙。瓦氏Captorhinikos valensis也与同时代的摩拉地龙类Labidosaurikos meachami相区别，因为其翼骨的横向凸缘更明显，更宽，呈U形，与大型的单行Captorhinid Rabidosaurus hamatus相似。颅后信息仅限于两个与颅骨材料无关的短系列骶前椎骨;一个标本中存在开放的神经中枢缝，表明死亡时未成熟。我们研究了C.通过将其添加到先前发表的包括几种moradisaurine captorhinids的分析的数据矩阵中，将valensis与其他captorhinids联系起来。分支定界PAUP分析发现了一棵最优树。而先前对Captorhinid相互关系的分析发现（未分化的）Captorhinikos属不属于由L。hamatus和大的Moradisaurines，我们的分析恢复了C。valensis与Labidosaurikos，Gansurhinus，Moradisaurus和Rothianiscus属在一个分支中（即，Moradisaurinae sensu stricto）和Captorhinikos chozaensis作为一个分支的姐妹种，该分支包括L. hamatus和Moradisaurinae s.s.; Captorhinikos chozaensis不再被归类为moradisaurine（根据我们对该组的系统发育定义），应该被分配到一个新的属。我们的captorhinid的地层校准的演化史表明，moradisaurines中期Kungurian（中Leonardo）。示例数据本文的补充材料可在www.tandfonline.com/UJVP上免费获得
Captorhinikos valensis is a poorly known, multiple-tooth-rowed captorhinid reptile from the Lower Permian Vale Formation of Texas. Our reappraisal of C. valensis reveals it to be a small moradisaurine, exhibiting a maximum of five rows of bullet-shaped teeth in the multiple-rowed region of both the maxilla and the dentary. The slightly radiating organization of the tooth rows distinguishes C. valensis from the parallel arrangement of the tooth rows exhibited by all other moradisaurines. Captorhinikos valensis is also distinguishable from the coeval moradisaurine Labidosaurikos meachami by a more conspicuously denticulated, broader, U'-shaped transverse flange of the pterygoid, a plesiomorphic morphology shared with the large, single-rowed captorhinid Labidosaurus hamatus. Postcranial information is limited to two short series of presacral vertebrae not associated with the cranial materials; open neurocentral sutures are present in one specimen, indicating immaturity at death. We investigated the relationships of C. valensis to other captorhinids by adding it to the data matrix of a previously published analysis that included several moradisaurine captorhinids. A branch-and-bound PAUP analysis discovered a single optimal tree. Whereas a previous analysis of captorhinid interrelationships found the (undifferentiated) genus Captorhinikos to fall outside of a clade composed of L. hamatus and the large moradisaurines, our analysis recovered C. valensis in a clade with the genera Labidosaurikos, Gansurhinus, Moradisaurus, and Rothianiscus (i.e., Moradisaurinae sensu stricto), and Captorhinikos chozaensis as the sister species of a clade that includes L. hamatus and Moradisaurinae s.s.; Captorhinikos chozaensis is no longer classifiable as a moradisaurine (according to our phylogenetic definition for the group), and should be assigned to a new genus. Stratigraphic calibration of our captorhinid phylogeny indicates that moradisaurines evolved by the middle Kungurian (middle Leonardian). SUPPLEMENTAL DATASupplemental materials are available for this article for free at www.tandfonline.com/UJVP