Cumulative effects, creeping enclosure, and the marine commons of New Jersey
Cumulative effects, creeping enclosure, and the marine commons of New Jersey
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累积效应、蠕动围栏和新泽西州的海洋公地
DOI：
10.18352/ijc.148
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Satsuki Takahashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Grant Murray;Teresa Johnson;B. McCay;M. Danko;K. Martin;Satsuki Takahashi
为了应对鱼类资源的减少和社会关注的增加，新泽西的海洋“公地”不再免费提供给商业和娱乐渔业。我们讨论的概念，“爬行”外壳在新泽西的海洋渔业，并建议减少访问可以是一个累积的过程和功能的多个事件和过程，不需要是一个单一的监管时刻的结果。我们开始的“预期”的圈地影响，包括灵活性的损失，社区的侵蚀，渔民的无产阶级化，渔业公司化的简短回顾。然后，我们提出了我们的研究的一些结果，并讨论了如何在渔业，不具有明确的私有化的财产或访问权的外壳的迹象是可见的。我们依靠口述历史的方法和丰富的细节，从注意到捕鱼者的生活经验，提供了一个框架，了解的范围内的累积效应，从这个过程中产生的爬行圈地。最后，我们讨论的逐步过程中的封闭如何影响生物物理环境和鱼类捕捞者，管理人员和科学家之间的信息流动，减少参与渔业和知识本身的积累。
In response to declining fish stocks and increased societal concern, the marine ‘commons’ of New Jersey is no longer freely available to commercial and recreational fisheries. We discuss the concept of ‘creeping’ enclosure in relation to New Jersey’s marine fisheries and suggest that reduced access can be a cumulative process and function of multiple events and processes and need not be the result of a single regulatory moment. We begin with a short review of the ‘expected’ effects of enclosure, including loss of flexibility, erosion of community, proletarianization of fishermen, and corporatization of the fishery. We then present some findings of our research and discuss how the signs of enclosure are visible in fisheries that do not feature explicitly privatized property or access rights. We rely on an oral history approach and the rich detail that emerges from attention to the lived experiences of fish harvesters to provide a framework for understanding the range of cumulative effects that have resulted from this process of creeping enclosure. We conclude with a discussion of how the gradual process of enclosure has affected the flows of information between the bio-physical environment and fish harvesters, managers and scientists by reducing both participation in fisheries and the accumulation of knowledge itself.