Prehistoric contacts over the Straits of Gibraltar indicated by genetic analysis of Iberian Bronze Age cattle
Prehistoric contacts over the Straits of Gibraltar indicated by genetic analysis of Iberian Bronze Age cattle
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0503396102
复制
发表时间：
2005-06-14
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Götherström, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderung, C;Bouwman, A;Götherström, A
伊比利亚半岛的地理位置使其成为连接欧洲和北非的天然纽带。然而，非洲通过直布罗陀海峡的影响在多大程度上影响了伊比利亚的史前发展，这是一个有争议的问题。由于早期的非洲牧民社区致力于养牛，因此检测史前非洲-伊比利亚接触的一种可能方法可能是分析伊比利亚半岛上牛品种的起源。一些当代伊比利亚牛品种显示出mtDNA单倍型T1，这是非洲品种的特征，通常解释为公元8世纪穆斯林扩张的结果，现代进口。为了测试可能的早期非洲的影响，我们分析了青铜时代的牛的线粒体DNA的Portalon洞穴在阿塔普埃尔卡网站在北方西班牙。虽然大多数样本显示单倍型T3在今天的欧洲品种中占主导地位，但T1单倍型在公元前1800年的一个标本中被发现，接受T1作为非洲起源，这一结果表明史前非洲-伊比利亚接触并支持考古发现将早期非洲和伊比利亚文化联系起来。我们还在伊比利亚青铜时代的样本中发现了一个野牛单倍型，反映了当地的杂交或回交，或者是欧洲野牛被这些农耕文化所猎杀。
The geographic situation of the Iberian Peninsula makes it a natural link between Europe and North Africa. However, it is a matter of debate to what extent African influences via the Straits Gibraltar have affected Iberia's prehistoric development. Because early African pastoralist communities were dedicated to cattle breeding, a possible means to detect prehistoric African-Iberian contacts might be to analyze the origin of cattle breeds on the Iberian Peninsula. Some contemporary Iberian cattle breeds show a mtDNA haplotype, T1, that is characteristic to African breeds, generally explained as being the result of the Muslim expansion of the 8th century A.D., and of modern imports. To test a possible earlier African influence, we analyzed mtDNA of Bronze Age cattle from the Portalon cave at the Atapuerca site in northern Spain. Although the majority of samples showed the haplotype T3 that dominates among European breeds of today, the T1 haplotype was found in one specimen radiocarbon dated 1800 calibrated years B.C. Accepting T1 as being of African origin, this result indicates prehistoric African-Iberian contacts and lends support to archaeological finds linking early African and Iberian cultures. We also found a wild ox haplotype in the Iberian Bronze Age sample, reflecting local hybridization or backcrossing or that aurochs were hunted by these farming cultures.