The prospective effects of long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and constituents on mortality in rural East China
The prospective effects of long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and constituents on mortality in rural East China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130740
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发表时间：
2021-05-11
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Fu, Chaowei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Yun;Chen, Renjie;Fu, Chaowei
在中国农村，很少有队列研究探讨长期暴露于空气动力学直径为2.5 μ m或更小的环境细颗粒物（PM2.5）及其化学成分与死亡风险的关系。从2006年到2018年，我们对中国德清农村28,793名成年人进行了一项为期12年的前瞻性研究。通过卫星暴露预测模型，在参与者入组时测量了年平均PM2.5及其成分，包括黑碳（BC）、有机碳（OC）、铵（NH4(+)）、硝酸盐（NO3(-)）、硫酸盐（SO42-）和土壤尘埃。采用Cox比例风险模型估算PM2.5长期暴露对死亡率的风险比（hr）和95%置信区间（95% ci）。在随访期间共确定了1960例死亡。我们发现PM2.5、BC、OC、NH4+、NO3-和SO42-与非意外死亡风险增加显著相关。PM2.5每增加10 μ g/m(3)，非意外死亡率的HR为1.17 （95%CI: 1.07, 1.28）。在成分方面，BC相关性最强（HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.33），其次是NO3（-）、NH4（+）、SO42-和OC （HR = 1.14-1.17 /四分位范围）。PM2.5与非意外死亡率呈非线性关系。心脑血管疾病和癌症死亡率也有类似的关联。这种关联在男性和从不吸烟的人群中更为明显。最后，我们发现长期暴露于环境PM2.5及其化学成分（特别是BC和NO3-）会增加死亡风险。研究结果表明，采取有效的定向排放控制措施改善华东农村空气质量对健康保护具有重要意义。
Few cohort studies explored the associations of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 mu m or less (PM2.5) and its chemical constituents with mortality risk in rural China. We conducted a 12-year prospective study of 28,793 adults in rural Deqing, China from 2006 to 2018. Annual mean PM2.5 and its constituents, including black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), ammonium (NH4(+)), nitrate (NO3(-)), sulfate (SO42-), and soil dust were measured at participants' addresses at enrollment from a satellite-based exposure predicting model. Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of long-term exposure to PM2.5 for mortality. A total of 1960 deaths were identified during the follow-up. We found PM2.5, BC, OC, NH4+, NO3-, and SO42- were significantly associated with an increased risk of non-accidental mortality. The HR for non-accidental mortality was 1.17 (95%CI: 1.07, 1.28) for each 10 mu g/m(3) increase in PM2.5. As for constituents, the strongest association was found for BC (HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.33), followed by NO3(-), NH4(+), SO42-, and OC (HR = 1.14-1.17 per interquartile range). A non-linear relationship was found between PM2.5 and non-accidental mortality. Similar associations were found for cardio-cerebrovascular and cancer mortality. Associations were stronger among men and ever smokers. Conclusively, we found long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and its chemical constituents (especially BC and NO3-) increased mortality risk. Our results suggested the importance of adopting effective targeted emission control to improve air quality for health protection in rural East China.