Dividing the Indivisible: Cold War Sovereignty, National Division, and the German Question at the United Nations
Dividing the Indivisible: Cold War Sovereignty, National Division, and the German Question at the United Nations
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分割不可分割的事物：冷战时期的主权、国家分裂和联合国的德国问题
DOI：
10.1017/s0008938921001771
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Gehrig
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Gehrig
摘要分裂的德国在20世纪60年代末和70年代初成为国际主权争端的焦点之一。在一个通常与西德东方政策和德国分裂的外交承认有关的时期，国际社会对如何根据国际法界定“分裂国家”的主权存在争议。德德之间关于缓和条件的斗争是在主权政治中展开的，围绕着沿着冷战前线的“民族分裂”的冲突，以及同时发生的关于后殖民主权的对抗。在联合国，德国和中国的分裂问题在非殖民化的高度集中，当时东德的主权和自决概念挑战了联合国基于民族的“一个国家，一个席位”的基本原则。最终，联合国接受了德国的例外论，于1973年接纳两个德国为会员国，这是基于对德国主权分裂的历史而非法律的解释，而亚洲围绕“分裂国家”的冲突仍未解决。反过来，这些关于国际法的冲突改变了德国主权和自决的旧法律的传统，并为源自非殖民化的法律的概念开辟了国家法框架。
Abstract Divided Germany became one of the focal points for international disputes over sovereignty in the late 1960s and early seventies. In a period that is commonly associated with West German Ostpolitik and the diplomatic recognition of German division, the international community disputed how the sovereignty of “divided nations” should be framed under international law. The German-German battle over the terms of détente unfolded within these politics of sovereignty surrounding conflicts over “national divisions” along Cold War front lines as well as the simultaneous confrontations over postcolonial sovereignty. At the United Nations, the issues of German and Chinese division converged at the height of decolonization when East German concepts of sovereignty and self-determination challenged the UN foundational principle of “one nation, one seat” rooted in ethnic nationality. Eventually, the United Nations accepted a German exceptionalism in admitting both German states as members in 1973 based on historical rather than legal explanations for divided German sovereignty, while conflicts around “divided countries” in Asia remained unresolved. In turn, these clashes over international law transformed older German legal traditions of sovereignty and self-determination and opened up Staatsrecht frameworks to legal concepts originating from decolonization.