Calibration and Localization of Optically Pumped Magnetometers Using Electromagnetic Coils.

Calibration and Localization of Optically Pumped Magnetometers Using Electromagnetic Coils.
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DOI:
10.3390/s22083059
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发表时间:
2022-04-15
期刊:
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
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在本文中,我们提出了一种使用一组(大)电磁线圈来估计磁场传感器的位置、方向和增益的方法。我们应用这种方法来校准用于脑磁图(MEG)的光泵磁力计(OPM)阵列。我们首先使用校准良好的三轴磁强计测量线圈在多个已知位置的磁场,并使用矢球谐(VSH)函数对这些谨慎采样场进行建模。然后,我们通过最小化模型信号和对线圈场的OPM响应之间的平方误差之和来定位和校准OPM。我们证明,通过使用齐次和一阶梯度场,OPM传感器的参数(增益、位置和方向)可以从两个矩阵的伪逆的线性方程组中获得。应施加到线圈以近似这些低阶磁场分量的电流可以基于VSH模型来确定。接下来是OPM传感器参数的计算简单的初始估计。作为对该方法的首次测试,我们在多个位置放置了磁通门磁强计,估计了该方法的均方根位置、方位和增益误差分别为1.0 mm、0.2°和0.8%。最后,我们校准了一个48通道的OPM阵列。通过使用OPM阵列对体模中的磁偶极子进行定位,验证了OPM校准的精度,得到的平均偶极子位置误差为3.3 mm。结果表明,利用电磁线圈标定和定位MEG的OPMS是可行的。
In this paper, we propose a method to estimate the position, orientation, and gain of a magnetic field sensor using a set of (large) electromagnetic coils. We apply the method for calibrating an array of optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) for magnetoencephalography (MEG). We first measure the magnetic fields of the coils at multiple known positions using a well-calibrated triaxial magnetometer, and model these discreetly sampled fields using vector spherical harmonics (VSH) functions. We then localize and calibrate an OPM by minimizing the sum of squared errors between the model signals and the OPM responses to the coil fields. We show that by using homogeneous and first-order gradient fields, the OPM sensor parameters (gain, position, and orientation) can be obtained from a set of linear equations with pseudo-inverses of two matrices. The currents that should be applied to the coils for approximating these low-order field components can be determined based on the VSH models. Computationally simple initial estimates of the OPM sensor parameters follow. As a first test of the method, we placed a fluxgate magnetometer at multiple positions and estimated the RMS position, orientation, and gain errors of the method to be 1.0 mm, 0.2°, and 0.8%, respectively. Lastly, we calibrated a 48-channel OPM array. The accuracy of the OPM calibration was tested by using the OPM array to localize magnetic dipoles in a phantom, which resulted in an average dipole position error of 3.3 mm. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using electromagnetic coils to calibrate and localize OPMs for MEG.
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