Solar Geoengineering in the Polar Regions: A Review
Solar Geoengineering in the Polar Regions: A Review
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DOI：
10.1029/2023ef003679
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发表时间：
2023-05
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Alistair Duffey;P. Irvine;M. Tsamados;J. Stroeve
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文献类型：
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作者：
Alistair Duffey;P. Irvine;M. Tsamados;J. Stroeve
太阳地球工程指的是一些建议，包括平流层气溶胶注入（SAI），通过反射入射的阳光来减缓或逆转气候变化。北极和南极正在发生的快速变化，以及冰冻圈在几十年内超过临界点的风险，使得限制这种变化成为太阳能地球工程的一个看似合理的目标。在此，我们回顾了SAI对极地气候和冰冻圈的影响，包括这些影响与注入纬度的关系，并对未来的研究方向提出了建议。在未来变暖的情景下，SAI将使极地地区降温，并减少极地气候的许多变化。由于日照和CO2强迫的纬度变化、极递减率反馈的强迫依赖以及大气动力学的改变，在没有高纬度注入的SAI条件下，极地地区相对于全球平均的一些冷度偏低。SAI在阻止冬季极地气候变化和防止南极冰盖海平面上升方面的有效性也存在潜在的局限性。最后，我们还回顾了其他三种针对两极的太阳地球工程方案的前景：海洋云增亮、卷云减薄和海冰反照率改变。海冰反照率的改变似乎不太可能在泛北极或南极尺度上可行。海洋云变亮或卷云变薄在极地地区是否有效仍不确定。太阳能地球工程是一个日益突出的建议，需要对其在极地地区的影响有一个强有力的了解，以便为未来几十年的气候政策提供信息。
Solar geoengineering refers to proposals, including stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), to slow or reverse climate change by reflecting away incoming sunlight. The rapid changes ongoing in the Arctic and Antarctic, and the risk of exceeding tipping points in the cryosphere within decades, make limiting such changes a plausible objective of solar geoengineering. Here, we review the impacts of SAI on polar climate and cryosphere, including the dependence of these impacts on the latitude(s) of injection, and make recommendations for future research directions. SAI would cool the polar regions and reduce many changes in polar climate under future warming scenarios. Some under‐cooling of the polar regions relative to the global mean is expected under SAI without high latitude injection, due to latitudinal variation in insolation and CO2 forcing, the forcing dependence of the polar lapse rate feedback, and altered atmospheric dynamics. There are also potential limitations in the effectiveness of SAI to arrest changes in winter‐time polar climate and to prevent sea‐level rise from the Antarctic ice sheet. Finally, we also review the prospects for three other solar geoengineering proposals targeting the poles: marine cloud brightening, cirrus cloud thinning, and sea‐ice albedo modification. Sea‐ice albedo modification appears unlikely to be viable on pan‐Arctic or Antarctic scales. Whether marine cloud brightening or cirrus cloud thinning would be effective in the polar regions remains uncertain. Solar geoengineering is an increasingly prominent proposal and a robust understanding of its consequences in the polar regions is needed to inform climate policy in the coming decades.