Controlling and Expanding the Selectivity of Filtration Membranes
Controlling and Expanding the Selectivity of Filtration Membranes
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03334
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发表时间：
2018-11-13
影响因子：
8.6
通讯作者：
Asatekin, Ayse
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sadeghi, Ilin;Kaner, Papatya;Asatekin, Ayse
化学分离约占化学和石化制造相关成本和能源使用的 50%，相当于美国所有能源使用的约 10%。膜分离具有高能效、操作简单、可扩展且便携的特点。膜的更广泛应用受到现有膜选择性的限制，主要局限于液相中尺寸相差一个数量级或更多的物质的分离。这一观点重点关注创建液体过滤膜的新方法，这些膜可以执行更具挑战性的分离。我们首先讨论当前可用膜的选择性机制，并将其与表现出增强选择性的生物系统的操作进行比较。然后，我们回顾了一些创建具有窄孔径分布的等孔膜以增强基于尺寸的选择性的方法。我们讨论了基于尺寸以外的因素表现出选择性的生物系统，以及它们如何激发能够进行复杂分离的膜的设计。在回顾了创建用于根据电荷分离类似尺寸溶质的膜的方法之后，我们讨论了可以执行更具挑战性的分离的膜的开发，根据其他分子标准区分类似尺寸和电荷的溶质。如果可以使用可扩展的制造方法制备具有足够选择性和渗透性以实现实际分离的膜，这一新兴的研究领域有望改变化学和制药制造。
Chemical separations account for about 50% of costs and energy use associated with chemical and petrochemical manufacturing, corresponding to about 10% of all energy use in the U.S. Membrane separations are highly energy efficient, simple to operate, scalable, and portable. Broader use of membranes is limited by the selectivity of available membranes, mostly confined to the separation of species about an order of magnitude or more different in size in the liquid phase. This perspective focuses on new approaches for creating liquid filtration membranes that can perform more challenging separations. We first discuss the selectivity mechanisms of currently available membranes and compare them with the operation of biological systems that exhibit enhanced selectivity. Then, we review some approaches for creating isoporous membranes with narrow pore size distributions for enhanced size-based selectivity. We discuss biological systems that exhibit selectivity based on factors beyond size and how they can inspire the design of membranes capable of complex separations. After a review of approaches for creating membranes for separating similarly sized solutes, based on their charge, we discuss the development of membranes that can perform even more challenging separations, differentiating between solutes of similar size and charge based on other molecular criteria. This burgeoning area of research promises to transform chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing if membranes with sufficient selectivity and permeability for realistic separations can be prepared using scalable manufacturing methods.