Spread of plant disease on a continental scale: Role of aerial dispersal of pathogens
Spread of plant disease on a continental scale: Role of aerial dispersal of pathogens
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DOI：
10.1890/01-0619
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发表时间：
2003-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Aylor, DE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aylor, DE
植物病害能否通过大气远距离传播取决于病原体的繁殖率、污染源的携带能力、大气湍流、稳定性和风速，以及孢子在不适宜居住的温度和湿度以及太阳紫外线辐射下的存活。这些相互作用的因素被纳入一个模型，以估计疾病从美国南部地区向北部地区季节性侵袭的速度和程度。该模型指出了植物病原菌远距离传播(LDD)的实际限度，这在很大程度上取决于它的繁殖力和在大气中生存的能力。以小麦茎锈病和烟草青霉病两种典型的植物病害为例说明了该模型的有效性。这两种疾病向北传播的平均速度似乎与可获得的易感宿主组织的“绿色浪潮”的季节性推进速度大致相同。疾病波和绿色波的近乎一致突显了两个重要的点。首先，它表明疾病的远距离传播可能更多地受到病原体建立的限制，而不是LDD。绿波还通过对潜在的远距离、低概率传播事件构成障碍，降低了疾病传播的随机变异性和速度。其次，它有助于将注意力集中在疾病传播的替代途径和过度调味的可能未被欣赏的利基位置上，这两个方面都可能对疾病控制战略产生重要影响。
Successful transmission of plant diseases over long distances through the atmosphere depends on the reproductive rate of the pathogens, on the carrying capacity of the source locality, on atmospheric turbulence, stability, and wind speed, and on the survival of spores during exposure to inhospitable temperature and humidity and to UVB radiation from the sun. These interacting factors were incorporated into a model to estimate the rate and extent of seasonal incursions of disease from southern into northern areas of the United States. The model indicates a practical limit for long-distance dispersal (LDD) of a plant pathogen, which depends strongly on its fecundity and on its ability to survive in the atmosphere. Two classic plant diseases, stem rust of wheat and tobacco blue mold, are used to illustrate the model. Both diseases appear to spread northward on average at about the same rate as the seasonal advance of the "green wave" of available susceptible host tissue. The near concordance of the disease wave and the green wave underscores two important points. First, it suggests that disease spread over long distances may be limited more often by pathogen establishment than by LDD. The green wave also reduces the stochastic variability and speed of disease spread by presenting a barrier to potential long-distance, low-probability dispersal events. Second, it helps to focus attention on alternative pathways for disease spread and on possible unappreciated niches for overseasoning, both of which can have important implications for disease control strategies.