Occupational cancer in Britain Respiratory cancer sites: larynx, lung and mesothelioma
Occupational cancer in Britain Respiratory cancer sites: larynx, lung and mesothelioma
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DOI：
10.1038/bjc.2012.119
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发表时间：
2012-06-19
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Rushton, Lesley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, Terry;Darnton, Andy;Rushton, Lesley
大多数喉癌是鳞状细胞癌，起源于声门。声门上和声门下肿瘤是罕见的。这种疾病在男性中的发生率明显高于女性（Raffeine et al，2001），并且疾病发生率存在很大的地理差异。在20世纪90年代的英国，喉癌约占70例癌症诊断病例中的1例。此外，这种疾病主要影响老年人。基于2000-2001年诊断的男性患者，年龄标准化1年相对生存率为84%，5年后为64%（Rachet et al，2008 a），自20世纪80年代初以来显著改善。女性的生存率低于男性（Quinn et al，2005）。喉癌的主要风险因素是烟草和酒精，两者共同对喉癌风险具有协同效应（IARC，2004; Altieri et al，2005; Pelucchi et al，2006 a）。对于吸烟，报告的效应估计值通常很强，一致，并显示出明显的剂量-反应关系（Olshan，2006年）。酒精的病因作用尚不清楚，但有证据表明，酒精与烟草的关联较弱，而且与烟草有联合作用。
Most laryngeal cancers are squamous in origin and originate in the glottis. Supraglottic and subglottic tumours are rare. This disease is markedly more frequent in men than in women (Rafferty et al, 2001), and there is a large geographical variability in disease frequency. In the United Kingdom in the 1990s, laryngeal cancer accounted for around 1 in 70 diagnosed cases of cancer. Moreover, the disease mainly affects elderly people. On the basis of male patients diagnosed in 2000–2001, the age-standardised 1-year relative survival rate was 84% and after 5 years was 64%(Rachet et al, 2008a), and has improved significantly since the early 1980s. Survival was poorer for women than for men (Quinn et al, 2005). The main risk factors for cancer of the larynx are tobacco and alcohol, which together have a synergistic effect on the risk of laryngeal cancer (IARC, 2004; Altieri et al, 2005; Pelucchi et al, 2006a). For smoking, the reported effect estimates have been generally strong, consistent and show a pronounced exposure–response relationship (Olshan, 2006). The aetiological role of alcohol is less clear, but evidence suggests both a weaker association and a joint effect with tobacco.