EVOLUTION OF DARWIN FINCHES CAUSED BY A RARE CLIMATIC EVENT
EVOLUTION OF DARWIN FINCHES CAUSED BY A RARE CLIMATIC EVENT
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1993.0016
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发表时间：
1993-02-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
GRANT, PR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GRANT, BR;GRANT, PR
当遭受极端气候时，动植物种群常常会发生显着的生态变化。进化的变化可能伴随着它们，但不太容易被发现。我们证明，在严重的厄尔尼诺事件导致食物供应发生变化后，加拉帕戈斯岛上的达尔文雀经历了两次进化变化。当大种子稀缺时，一种食谷类物种会选择性地偏爱小喙。由于高性状遗传力，选择的影响会传递给下一代。该物种与其他两个物种之间的杂交导致了基因交换，但只有在厄尔尼诺现象之后，在改变的饲养条件下，杂交适应性才大大增强。这些观察结果表明，如果全球变暖增加了加拉帕戈斯群岛厄尔尼诺事件的频率或严重程度，那么动植物种群的微进化变化是可以预见的。
Populations of animals and plants often undergo conspicuous ecological changes when subjected to climatic extremes. Evolutionary changes may accompany them but are less easily detected. We show that Darwin's finches on a Galapagos island underwent two evolutionary changes after a severe El Nino event caused changes in their food supply. Small beak sizes were selectively favoured in one granivorous species when large seeds became scarce. The effects of selection were transmitted to the next generation as a result of high trait heritabilities. Hybridization between this species and two others resulted in gene exchange, but only after the El Nino when hybrid fitness was much enhanced under the altered feeding conditions. These observations imply that if global warming increases the frequency or severity of El Nino events on the Galapagos, microevolutionary changes in animal and plant populations are to be anticipated.