Secular Fluctuations in Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Reef-Forming Organisms During Greenhouse Periods: Geobiological Interrelations and Consequences
Secular Fluctuations in Palaeozoic and Mesozoic Reef-Forming Organisms During Greenhouse Periods: Geobiological Interrelations and Consequences
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DOI：
10.2517/1342-8144-13.1.023
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发表时间：
2009-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Y. Ezaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Ezaki
抽象的。珊瑚礁在中生代反复形成，并在地球复杂的相互作用的发展中占据中心地位;因此，珊瑚礁基本上是地球生物系统的缩影。珊瑚礁的长期消长不仅受生物本身的进化控制，还受周期性海洋条件（例如，方解石海对文石海;温室对冰库;贫养对富养;以及碳酸盐饱和状态），导致了优势种类群的更替。从长远来看，古生代到中生代的珊瑚礁发生了根本性的变化，特别是在温室期，由于海洋环境状况的变化和随之而来的改善。后生动物礁形成后，立即暂时最早的寒武纪生物矿化，随后成为主导奥陶纪辐射后，作为网络的地球生物学的相互关系，生物群入侵到陆地上引发的结果。重大的灭绝也触发了先前存在的潜在造礁者随后的（再）多样化，不一定伴随着新的更高的分类群，并取代占主导地位的生物，无论是造礁者或没有。鉴于某些制度持续存在，渐进的，内部的修改和改进也加速按照利基开发，这是明确证明了珊瑚礁建设者的整体增长形态的变化。生物礁作为一个缩影，应进一步破译的骨骼生物和微生物如何相互响应环境，不断变化的栖息地条件，以及如何顺序的贡献者在给定的条件下，在不同的时空尺度依次占上风。这些研究将阐明地球生物成分的演变及其与基本背景的相互关系，更重要的是，阐明地球历史中不可逆转的渐进变化。
Abstract. Reefs have formed recurrently in the Phanerozoic and occupied a central place in the development of Earth's complex interactions; as such, reefs are essentially a microcosm of the geobiological system. The long-term waxing and waning of reefs was governed not only by the evolution of organisms themselves, but also by cyclical marine conditions (e.g., calcitic sea vs. aragonitic sea; greenhouse vs. icehouse; oligotrophy vs. eutrophy; and carbonate saturation states) that led to the replacement of dominant kinds of taxa. Viewed in perspective, Palaeozoic to Mesozoic reefs changed fundamentally, particularly during greenhouse periods, due to the shifts in marine environmental regimes and ensuing improvements. Metazoan reefs formed temporarily immediately after the earliest Cambrian biomineralization and subsequently became dominant after the Ordovician radiations, as a consequence of networked geobiological interrelationships that were triggered by the invasion of biota onto land. Major extinctions were also triggers for the subsequent (re)diversifications of preexisting, potential reef builders, not necessarily accompanied by new higher taxa, and for the replacement of dominant organisms, whether reef builders or not. Given that certain regimes persisted, progressive, internal modifications and improvements also accelerated in accordance with niche exploitations that are clearly evidenced by changes in the overall growth morphologies of reef builders. Reefs as a microcosm should be further deciphered in light of how both skeletal organisms and microbes mutually responded to ambient, changing habitat conditions, and how sequential contributors prevailed in turn under given conditions at various spatio-temporal scales. Such studies would elucidate the evolution of geobiological constituents and their interrelationships with the underlying background, and more importantly, irreversibly progressive changes in Earth history.