The two-brain approach: how can mutually interacting brains teach us something about social interaction?
The two-brain approach: how can mutually interacting brains teach us something about social interaction?
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2012.00215
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Roepstorff A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Konvalinka I;Roepstorff A
如果对社会互动的假定神经标记感兴趣，那么从两个人的互动中同时测量大脑活动直观上是很有吸引力的。然而，由于相互作用的复杂性，已经证明很难以方法上可行且概念上相关的方式进行两人脑成像实验。只有少数最近的研究将这一点付诸实践，使用功能磁共振成像，脑电图或近红外光谱。在这里，我们回顾了两个主要的双脑方法论的方法，每一个都有两个概念策略。第一组使用了两个大脑的功能磁共振成像记录，研究（1）秒级的回合互动，或者（2）伪互动场景，一次只扫描一个人，研究大脑之间的信息流动。第二组研究记录了来自两个人互动的双重EEG/NIRS，在（1）面对面的基于转向的互动中，调查互动伙伴的心理理论区域之间的功能连接，或者在（2）毫秒时间尺度上的连续相互互动中，测量一个人的大脑活动与另一个人的大脑活动之间的耦合。我们讨论了这些方法所解决的问题，并考虑需要同时进行两个大脑记录的情况。此外，我们建议（1）通过涌现措施量化人际神经效应，（2）多变量解码模型，概括了源特定的互动功能，可能会提供新的工具来研究大脑的互动。这可能有助于更好地理解社会认知作为代表和参与。
Measuring brain activity simultaneously from two people interacting is intuitively appealing if one is interested in putative neural markers of social interaction. However, given the complex nature of interactions, it has proven difficult to carry out two-person brain imaging experiments in a methodologically feasible and conceptually relevant way. Only a small number of recent studies have put this into practice, using fMRI, EEG, or NIRS. Here, we review two main two-brain methodological approaches, each with two conceptual strategies. The first group has employed two-brain fMRI recordings, studying (1) turn-based interactions on the order of seconds, or (2) pseudo-interactive scenarios, where only one person is scanned at a time, investigating the flow of information between brains. The second group of studies has recorded dual EEG/NIRS from two people interacting, in (1) face-to-face turn-based interactions, investigating functional connectivity between theory-of-mind regions of interacting partners, or in (2) continuous mutual interactions on millisecond timescales, to measure coupling between the activity in one person's brain and the activity in the other's brain. We discuss the questions these approaches have addressed, and consider scenarios when simultaneous two-brain recordings are needed. Furthermore, we suggest that (1) quantification of inter-personal neural effects via measures of emergence, and (2) multivariate decoding models that generalize source-specific features of interaction, may provide novel tools to study brains in interaction. This may allow for a better understanding of social cognition as both representation and participation.