Opportunities for Increased Production, Utilization and Income Generation from African Leafy Vegetables in Zambia
Opportunities for Increased Production, Utilization and Income Generation from African Leafy Vegetables in Zambia
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赞比亚增加非洲叶菜产量、利用和创收的机会
DOI：
10.18697/ajfand.15.ipgri2-2
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Mwila
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Ng’uni;G. Mwila
为了促进非洲叶菜的生产和销售，并帮助实现它们作为粮食和收入来源的潜力，在植物遗传资源研究所的叶菜方案下进行了一项个案研究。这项研究的目的是通过一项入户调查，确定优先的生物多样性，并评估它们在遗传多样性、生产、加工和销售方面的状况。分别覆盖了尼姆巴、西亚翁加和奇邦博区的Hoffmeyer、Subcentre和Chikumbi三个社区。通过参与式农村评估，利用指导性家庭访谈和重点小组讨论，从社区的280户家庭收集了信息。野生菠菜（英文）Bboonko（汤加），Libondwe (Lenje), Bondwe (Nyanja)；猫的胡须，蜘蛛植物（英语），Shungwa/ Luyuni-yuni（汤加），Lubanga (Lenje), Suntha (Nyanja)；Abelmoschus esculentus、Okra（英语）、Mudelele/ Mutezi（汤加语）、Delele/ Mulembwe （Lenje语）、Delele（尼亚尼亚语）；油菜、埃塞俄比亚芥菜（英语）Tanta a chulu/ Chishu chituba（汤加）、Mupilu/ Nchembele （Lenje）、Mupilu （Nyanja）和Cucurbita spp.、南瓜（英语）Bboobbo、Lutanga、Muchile（汤加）、Buchisa bwa nyungu （Lenje）、Chiwawa、Mthopo （Njanja）被确定为优先alv。结果表明，除沙鼠（Abelmoschus esculentus）和葫芦属（Cucurbita spp）有3个以上已知品种外，基于形态标记的目标alv种内变异性普遍较低。虽然63%的家庭既种植alv又种植外来蔬菜，但只有33%的家庭种植alv，而只有4%的家庭专门种植外来蔬菜。社区中81%的家庭使用农场储存的种子，而10%的家庭从社区内的邻居/亲戚那里获得种子。直接播种是最常见的种植方法，亚中心以施用有机肥为主，奇昆比次之。除沙鼠外，在alv上施用矿质肥料的做法并不多见。卢萨卡市露天市场和超市销售的蔬菜品种主要有蓝腹菜、苋菜和葫芦菜，卢萨卡市这些蔬菜的主要来源是城镇周边地区的当地农民。共有33种不同的食谱和11种保存方法被记录在社区中，7种食谱被记录在商业餐馆中。农产品在饮食中发挥越来越大的作用，并成为许多家庭的收入来源，刺激生产所需的努力包括改善获得改良品种的机会和城市市场的供应。
In order to promote the production and marketing of African Leafy Vegetables (ALVs) and help realize their potential as sources of food and income, a case study was undertaken under the IPGRI programme on ALVs. The study was aimed at determining the priority ALVs and assessing their status in terms of genetic diversity, production, processing and marketing through a household survey. Three communities of Hoffmeyer, Subcentre and Chikumbi in Nyimba, Siavonga and Chibombo districts respectively were covered. Information was gathered from 280 households across the communities through participatory rural appraisal using guided household interviews and focused group discussions. Amaranthus spp. Wild spinach (English) Bboonko (Tonga), Libondwe (Lenje), Bondwe (Nyanja); Cleome gynandra Cat’s whiskers, spiderplant (English), Shungwa/ Luyuni-yuni (Tonga), Lubanga (Lenje), Suntha (Nyanja); Abelmoschus esculentus, Okra (English), Mudelele/ Mutezi (Tonga), Delele/ Mulembwe (Lenje), Delele (Nyanja); Brassica carinata, Ethiopian Mustard (English) Tanta a chulu/ Chishu chituba (Tonga), Mupilu/ Nchembele (Lenje), Mupilu (Nyanja) and Cucurbita spp., Pumpkin (English) Bboobbo, Lutanga, Muchile (Tonga), Buchisa bwa nyungu (Lenje), Chiwawa, Mthopo (Njanja) were identified as priority ALVs. It was found that within species variability based on morphological markers of the target ALVs was generally low except for Abelmoschus esculentus and Cucurbita spp which had more than three known varieties. Although 63% of households cultivated both ALVs and exotic vegetables, 33% of the households cultivated ALVs while only 4% exclusively grew exotic vegetables. Farm saved seed for all ALVs except Abelmoschus esculentus was used by 81% of households across communities while 10% obtained their seed from neighbours/relatives within their communities. Direct sowing was the commonest planting method while the application of organic manure to the crop was prominent in Subcentre followed by Chikumbi. Application of mineral fertilizers to ALVs was uncommon practice except in Abelmoschus esculentus. It was revealed that the most preserved ALVs were Abelmoschus esculentus and Cucurbita spp. Open markets and supermarkets in Lusaka sold ALVs such as Abelmoschus esculentus, Amaranthus spp and Cucurbita spp. The main sources of these vegetables in Lusaka were local farmers in the peri-urban areas of the town. A total of 33 different recipes and eleven preservation methods for ALVs were documented across communities while 7 recipes were documented from commercial restaurants. The ALVs play an increasing role in the diets and as source of income for many households and efforts required for stimulating production include improvements in access to improved varieties and availability of urban markets.