Human-Technology Frontier, Sensing, and Computing
Human-Technology Frontier, Sensing, and Computing
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人类技术前沿、传感和计算
DOI：
10.1061/9780784482438.058
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jain, Rishee K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sonta, Andrew J.;Jain, Rishee K.
许多设计师和研究人员都在努力解决在社区规模开发中最佳定位建筑物和使用类型的问题。但很少有工作使用数据驱动的优化来帮助创建城市设计方案。单一用途的欧几里得分区模式严重影响了我们社区、城市和郊区的设计方式，导致了用途的物理分离。然而，随着我们努力解决城市环境和社会可持续性的新问题，迫切需要考虑减少对个人汽车依赖并促进更健康城市的替代城市设计。在本文中，我们开发了一种方法（1）通过采用一个共同的步行性指标自动评估街区的步行性和（2）优化布局的建筑物和设施在一个已知的网格，以最大限度地提高步行性指标。我们采用这种方法的Potrero山附近的弗朗西斯科，加州的案例研究。我们发现，相比现有的布局，可以通过欧几里得风格的分离的用途，优化的布局建议分布在整个街道网络的设施，导致步行能力的两倍增加。该工具和分析有可能为希望了解和改善城市空间可步行性的城市设计师和研究人员提供计算和数据驱动的支持。
Many designers and researchers have grappled with the problem of optimally locating buildings and use types in a neighborhood-scale development. But little work has used data-driven optimization to aid in creating urban design schemes. The paradigm of single-use Euclidian zoning has heavily impacted the way our neighborhoods, cities, and suburbs are designed, resulting in the physical separation of uses. However, as we grapple with emerging issues of environmental and social sustainability in cities, there is a pressing need to consider alternative urban designs that require less dependence on personal automobiles and that foster healthier cities. In this paper, we develop a methodology for (1) automatically assessing the walkability of neighborhoods by adopting a common walkability metric and (2) optimizing the layout of buildings and amenities across a known grid in order to maximize the walkability metric. We apply this methodology to a case study of the Potrero Hill neighborhood in San Francisco, California. We find that, in comparison to the existing layout that can be characterized by Euclidian-style separation of uses, the optimized layout suggests distributing amenities across the street network, resulting in a two-fold increase in walkability. This tool and analysis have the potential to provide computational and data-driven support for urban designers and researchers hoping to understand and improve the walkability of urban spaces.