Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning—2011
Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning—2011
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热交换器结垢和清洁 — 2011
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Watkinson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Müller;M. R. Malayeri;A. Watkinson
由于燃料成本的增加以及对资源消耗和环境影响的关注，能源效率已经成为大多数化学、食品加工和发电过程中的主要方面。因此，换热器的合理设计和高效性能发挥着越来越重要的作用。后者经常受到与工艺相关的在传热表面上形成沉积物的限制，这可能导致能量回收效率低下，资本、运营和维护成本较高，以及安全和环境危害。此外，结垢可能导致在计划或非计划的工厂停工期间严重降低的吞吐量和生产损失。最近的研究表明，热交换器结垢可能占全球二氧化碳排放量的1-2.5%。由于结垢而导致的成本损失，例如额外的燃料、停机时间、超设计、清洁化学品等，已经估计为工业化国家国内生产总值（GDP）的约0.25%。换热器结垢是换热器运行的一个固有问题，尽管在过去的三十年中才开始进行根本和系统的缓解尝试，但长期以来一直被认为是这样。自1995年以来，关于换热器污垢和清洗的国际会议每两年举行一次，以促进创新思维并探索新的理论和实践方法。他们特别关注的是
Due to increasing fuel cost and concerns about resource depletion and environmental impact, energy efficiency has become a dominant aspect in most chemical, food-processing, and power-generating processes. Hence, the proper design and the efficient performance of heat exchangers play an increasingly important role. The latter is frequently restricted by the processrelated formation of deposits on the heat transfer surfaces, which may lead to inefficient energy recovery, higher capital, operating and maintenance costs, and safety and environmental hazards. In addition, fouling may result in severely reduced throughput and loss of production during planned or unplanned plant shutdowns. Recent studies have shown that heat exchanger fouling may be responsible for 1–2.5% of global CO2 emissions. Cost penalties due to fouling, for example, for additional fuel, down-time, overdesign, cleaning chemicals, and so on, have been estimated as about 0.25% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of industrialized nations. Heat-exchanger fouling is an intrinsic problem of heatexchanger operation and has been recognized as such for a long time, even though fundamental and systematic attempts to its mitigation have only been initiated in the past three decades. Since 1995, international conferences on heat-exchanger fouling and cleaning have been held at bi-yearly intervals to facilitate innovative thinking and to explore new theoretical and practical approaches. Their focus has particularly been