Preparatory Processes and Compensatory Effort in Older and Younger Participants in a Driving-Like Dual Task
Preparatory Processes and Compensatory Effort in Older and Younger Participants in a Driving-Like Dual Task
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DOI：
10.1177/0018720811402068
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发表时间：
2011-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Wild-Wall;Melanie Hahn;M. Falkenstein
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文献类型：
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作者：
N. Wild-Wall;Melanie Hahn;M. Falkenstein
目的：在实验室进行类似驾驶的双重任务期间检查与年龄相关的双重任务干扰增加的性质。背景：先前的研究揭示了双重任务中与年龄相关的缺陷，特别是当涉及认知和运动需求时。感觉输入、工作记忆需求和/或运动反应协调对双任务干扰的具体贡献尚不清楚，应在本研究中予以澄清。方法：年轻和年长的参与者在双重任务中执行类似驾驶的跟踪任务和视觉提示注意力任务。在任务执行过程中记录行为和电生理数据。结果：与年轻参与者相比，年长参与者的总体跟踪表现较低。这种与年龄相关的下降在刺激后的时间间隔内尤其明显，此时注意力任务需要运动反应。相比之下，在刺激之前的时间间隔内，年长的参与者比年轻的参与者跟踪得相对更好。在注意力任务中，与年轻参与者相比，年长参与者表现出更多的反应时间以及误报和漏报率，这表明在保留提示刺激间隔中的背景方面存在缺陷。脑电图数据表明，在提示刺激间隔期间，老年参与者比年轻参与者在双任务管理上投入了更多的资源。结论：有证据表明，与年轻群体相比，老年人运动干扰增加、情境处理缺陷以及处理资源投入增加。应用：结果表明，老年驾驶员的车载信息系统应设计为支持提示维护，并且不应要求同时发出电机需求。
Objective: The nature of increased-age-related dual-task interference was examined during a driving-like dual task in the laboratory. Background: Previous research revealed age-related deficits in dual tasks especially when cognitive and motor demands are involved. The specific contributions of sensory input, working memory demands, and/or coordination of motor responses to dual-task interference are not clear and should be clarified in the present study. Method: Younger and older participants performed a driving-like tracking task and a visually cued attention task within a dual task. Behavioral and electrophysiological data were recorded during task performance. Results: Overall tracking performance was lower for the older versus younger participants. This age-related decline was particularly pronounced in the time interval after the stimulus when the attention task demanded a motor response. In contrast, older participants tracked relatively better than the younger participants in the time interval preceding the stimulus. In the attention task, the older versus younger participants showed increased responses times and rates of false alarms and misses, suggesting a deficit in retaining the context in the cue-stimulus interval. The electroencephalogram data suggest that the older participants invested more resources than the younger participants in dual-task management during the cue-stimulus interval. Conclusion: Evidence was found for increased motor interference and a deficient context processing as well as for an increased investment of processing resources in the older compared with the younger group. Application: The results suggest that in-vehicle information systems for older drivers should be designed to support cue maintenance and that simultaneous motor demands should not be required.