Whole-body responses to low-level radiation exposure: New concepts in mammalian radiobiology
Whole-body responses to low-level radiation exposure: New concepts in mammalian radiobiology
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DOI：
10.1016/j.exphem.2007.01.011
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发表时间：
2007-04-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Neumann, Ronald D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feinendegen, Ludwig E.;Pollycove, Myron;Neumann, Ronald D.
本文综述了低剂量辐射引起的全身效应，特别是癌症的研究结果表明：1）生物系统呈现出从原子到分子、到细胞、到组织和器官、再到整个系统的层次结构; 2）系统对低剂量辐射的反应取决于：组织微团中能量沉积的质量和数量（微剂量）是损害和保护的潜在触发因素;每个暴露微质量的两个微剂量事件之间的时间间隔，决定细胞对前一个微剂量的反应;对系统中微剂量事件的反应是目标，损害和益处之间的平衡决定净效应; 3）急性或慢性低水平暴露的系统反应从损伤发展到基本分子水平，主要是干细胞的DNA，以及可能发生在全身的适应性反应。损害可能会传播到连续的更高层次的组织，满足保护性的障碍，可能成为上调的适应性反应。每个个体在每个水平上的损伤和保护之间的平衡取决于组织剂量。在低于等于0.1戈伊的单一组织剂量下，净效益往往超过损害。因此，临床疾病的损害进展不是线性的; 4）系统反应的质量和程度受遗传控制。因此，系统净反应因人而异; 5）特定个体的低水平照射的健康风险和益处之间的平衡可以通过该个体的对照和照射细胞中的基因表达谱来预测;以及6）应用个体化低水平照射的临床试验是合理的。(c)2007年国际实验血液学学会。爱思唯尔公司出版
This review of low dose-induced whole-body effects, especially cancer, shows: 1) Biological systems appear in hierarchy levels of organization, from atoms to molecules, to cells, to tissues and organs, to the whole system; 2) System responses to low-level exposures depend on: quality and number of energy depositions in tissue micromasses (microdoses) being potential triggers to damage and protection; time interval between two microdose events per exposed micromass, that determines cellular responses to the preceding microdose; and responses to microdose events in the system being the target, with the balance between damage and benefit determining the net effect; 3) System responses to acute or chronic low-level exposures evolve from damage to the basic molecular level, mainly to DNA of stem cells, and from adaptive responses that may occur in the whole body. Damage may propagate to successive higher levels of organization, meeting protective barriers which may become upregulated by adaptive responses. The balance between damage and protection at each level per individual depends on tissue dose. At single tissue doses below congruent to 0.1 Gy net benefit tends to outweigh detriment. Thus, progression of damage to clinical disease is not linear; 4) Quality and extent of system responses are under genetic control. Thus, system net responses expectedly vary among individuals; 5) The balance between health risk and benefit of low-level exposure for a given individual may become predictable by gene-expression profiles in control and irradiated cells of this individual; and 6) Clinical trials applying individualized low-level irradiation are justified. (c) 2007 International Society for Experimental Hematology. Published by Elsevier Inc.