Contact dermatitis. Clinical perspectives and basic mechanisms.
Contact dermatitis. Clinical perspectives and basic mechanisms.
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接触性皮炎。
DOI：
10.1007/bf02780197
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Gaspari,AA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nasir,A;Gaspari,AA
工业化大大增加了家庭和工作场所对化学品、污染物和有毒物质的接触。随着我们对技术依赖的加深，化学品接触量增加的趋势仍在继续。抵御这些物质的最初屏障是皮肤。对于大多数人来说，这种防御是足够的，并且不会产生不利影响。随着我们接触化学品的范围越来越广泛和频繁，人群中对这种接触产生病理反应的发生率急剧增加。 1990 年，国家卫生统计中心报告称，湿疹性皮炎是门诊中最常见的特殊皮肤病之一 (1)。据估计，因偶然或无意接触职业危害物而导致的皮炎占所有职业病的30%。所描述的 90% 以上的病例是由刺激性或过敏性接触性皮炎 (ACD)(2) 引起的。在丹麦进行的一项研究中，估计仅手部角化过度湿疹就会影响 2.5% 的丹麦工人造成永久性残疾，每年造成国家损失 1500 万美元 (3)。仅根据人口直接推断美国，仅手部湿疹每年就会产生近 7.5 亿美元的影响。因此，接触性皮炎是一种具有重要经济意义的疾病。本文首先试图概述
Industrialization has greatly increased exposure to chemicals, pollutants, and noxious substances, both at home and in the workplace. This trend of increasing chemical exposure continues as our reliance on technology deepens. The initial barrier against these substances is the skin. In the majority of individuals, this defense is sufficient and acts without adverse effects.As our exposure to chemicals becomes more widespread and frequent, the incidence of pathological responses to this exposure in the population has increased dramatically. In 1990, the National Center for Health Statistics reported that eczematous dermatitis was one of the most common specific dermatosis encountered in the outpatient setting (1). It is estimated that dermatitis as a result of incidental or inadvertent exposure to occupational hazards accounts for 30% of all occupational disease. More than 90% of cases described are caused by irritant or allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)(2). In a study done in Denmark, hyperkeratotic hand eczema alone was estimated to affect 2.5% of Danish workers on permanent disability at a national cost of 15 million per year (3). A direct extrapolation to the United States, based on population alone, would imply an impact of nearly $750 million per year, solely for hand eczema. Thus, contact dermatitis is a disorder of significant economic dimension. This article first seeks to outline the