What Is Special About Human Rights?
What Is Special About Human Rights?
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人权有什么特别之处？
DOI：
10.1017/s0892679411000165
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发表时间：
2011
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
N. Southwood
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christian Barry;N. Southwood
人权在当代政治中占据着特权地位。它们被广泛认为构成了评估国家对其境内居民的行为的最基本标准。它们被载入众多国际文件、国家宪法和条约中；那些已纳入国际法的规定受到众多国际和区域机构的监督和执行。人权被用来为民众叛乱、分裂国家、大规模政治改革以及各种形式的国际行动辩护，这些行动包括对外国援助和贷款施加条件、经济制裁（如在南非和缅甸）和军事干预（如在科索沃和东帝汶）。迈克尔·伊格纳季耶夫（Michael Ignatieff）甚至声称人权已经成为“世俗文化的主要信仰条款，他们担心自己不相信其他任何东西”，人们可能会补充说，它们也是许多非世俗文化的信仰条款。
Human rights occupy a privileged position within contemporary politics. They are widely taken to constitute perhaps the most fundamental standards for evaluating the conduct of states with respect to persons residing within their borders. They are enshrined in numerous international documents, national constitutions, and treaties; and those that have been incorporated into international law are monitored and enforced by numerous international and regional institutional bodies. Human rights have been invoked to justify popular revolt, secession, large-scale political reform, as well as forms of international action ranging from the imposition of conditions on foreign assistance and loans to economic sanctions (as in South Africa and Burma) and military intervention (as in Kosovo and East Timor). Michael Ignatieff has gone so far as to claim that human rights have become “the major article of faith of a secular culture that fears it believes in nothing else,” and one might add that they are articles of faith of many non-secular cultures, too.