Effects of increased consumption of fluid milk on energy and nutrient intake, body weight, and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy older adults
Effects of increased consumption of fluid milk on energy and nutrient intake, body weight, and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy older adults
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DOI：
10.1016/s0002-8223(00)00236-4
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发表时间：
2000-07-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Oparil, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Barr, SI;McCarron, DA;Oparil, S
目的 评估在没有其他饮食建议的情况下增加牛奶摄入量对老年人的能量和营养摄入量、体重、心血管危险因素（血压、血脂水平）和生活质量的影响。 受试者/环境 从美国六个学术健康中心选取 204 名年龄在 55 至 85 岁之间、每天摄入乳制品少于 1.5 份的健康男性和女性。设计随机、对照开放试验。将脱脂或 1% 牛奶摄入量增加 3 的干预建议每天杯 (n = 101) 或在 4 周基线期后维持正常饮食 (n = 103) 12 周。主要结果指标根据 3 天食物记录、体重、血压和血脂水平评估能量和营养摄入量的变化。通过重复 ed 测量、chi (2) 检验进行按时间分组的方差分析。结果 干预措施的依从性良好。与对照组相比，补充牛奶组的参与者显着增加了能量、蛋白质、胆固醇、维生素 A、D 和 B-12、核黄素、泛酸、钙、磷、镁、锌和钾的摄入量。根据估计平均需求量对营养素进行评估，牛奶组女性中镁（基线时为 40%，第 12 周时为 13%，P < .001）和维生素 B-12（6% 与 0%，P < .05）的营养不足发生率有所下降，蛋白质和硫胺素（女性）以及镁和维生素 B-6（男性）则呈下降趋势 (P < .10)。牛奶组比对照组增加0.6公斤（P < .01）；然而，体重增加低于预期，这表明牛奶中增加的能量得到了一些补偿。随着时间的推移，两组的血压都有相似的下降。总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平以及总胆固醇与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的比率没有变化。牛奶组的甘油三酯水平在正常范围内增加 (P = .002)。生活质量得分在基线时较高，并且始终保持较高水平。应用/结论老年人可以成功地增加牛奶摄入量，从而有意义地提高他们的营养摄入量。营养师可以在传播这一建议方面发挥关键作用。
Objective To assess the impact of increased consumption of milk, without other dietary advice, on older adults' energy and nutrient intakes, weight, cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, plasma lipid levels), and quality of life.Subjects/setting Two hundred four healthy men and women, aged 55 to 85 years, who consumed fewer than 1.5 dairy servings per day were chosen from six US academic health centers.Design Randomized, controlled open trial.Intervention Advice to increase skim or 1% milk intake by 3 cups per day (n = 101) or to maintain usual diet (n = 103) for 12 weeks after a 4-week baseline period.Main outcome measures Changes in energy and nutrient intake assessed from 3-day food records, body weight, blood pressure, and plasma lipid levels.Statistical analyses performed Group-by-time analysis of variance with repeat ed-measures, chi (2) test.Results Compliance with the intervention was good. Compared with controls, participants in the milk-supplemented group significantly increased energy, protein, cholesterol, vitamins A, D, and B-12, riboflavin, pantothenate, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, and potassium intakes. Prevalence of nutrient inadequacy, assessed for nutrients with Estimated Average Requirements, decreased among women in the milk group for magnesium (40% at baseline vs 13% at 12 weeks, P < .001) and vitamin B-12 (6% vs 0%, P < .05) and tended to decrease (P < .10) for protein and thiamin (women) and magnesium and vitamin B-6 (men). The milk group gained 0.6 kg more than control group (P < .01); however, weight gain was less than predicted, which suggests some compensation for the added energy from milk. Blood pressure decreased similarly over time in both groups. Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, were unchanged. Triglyceride levels increased within the normal range in the milk group (P = .002). Quality of life scores were high at baseline and remained high throughout.Applications/conclusions Older adults can successfully increase milk intake, thereby meaningfully improving their nutrient intakes. Dietitians can play a key role in disseminating this advice.