A socioeconomic and natural vulnerability index for oil spills in an Amazonian harbor: a case study using GIS and remote sensing.
A socioeconomic and natural vulnerability index for oil spills in an Amazonian harbor: a case study using GIS and remote sensing.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.04.016
复制
发表时间：
2010-10
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Milena Marília Nogueira De Andrade;C. Szlafsztein;P. Souza-Filho;Adrilayne dos Reis Araújo;Monique Kelly Tavares Gomes-Mon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Milena Marília Nogueira De Andrade;C. Szlafsztein;P. Souza-Filho;Adrilayne dos Reis Araújo;Monique Kelly Tavares Gomes-Mon
巴西马拉尼昂州的沿海地区是一个以各种人类活动和服务为特点的地区，特别是在伊塔基-巴坎加港口综合体（IBC）。中型散货箱是一个容易发生因运输、储存和油罐清洗过程造成的溢油的区域。本研究的目的是绘制这一建筑群附近的不同自然环境以及最易受这类灾害影响的当地人口的社会经济概况。脆弱性研究是发展沿海区综合管理的第一步。在这项研究中分析的变量包括地貌单位，和当地人口的收入，教育和依赖渔业。对脆弱性指数的估计是根据这些变量之间的关系作出的，这些变量被用来利用地理信息系统和高分辨率遥感的解释制作一张脆弱性地图，显示出在发生石油泄漏时需要采取干预措施的最优先领域。对自然和社会经济环境的分析表明，最脆弱的地区分别是红树林、Vila Nova和Alto da Esperança社区。这些社区与渔业有直接关系，收入和教育水平都很低。相比之下，脆弱性最低的是沿海高原和中部的Anjo da Guarda社区，那里居住着收入和教育水平相对较高的居民，他们不依赖捕鱼。
The coastal zone of the Brazilian state of Maranhão is an area characterized by a large variety of human activities and services, in particular in the Itaqui-Bacanga port complex (IBC). The IBC is an area prone to oil spills resulting from the processes of transportation, storage, and tank cleaning. The present study aimed to map the different physical environments adjacent to this complex and the socioeconomic profile of the local population that would be most vulnerable to this type of disaster. Vulnerability studies are essential as one of the first step in the development of an integrated coastal zone management. The variables analyzed in this study included geomorphological units, and the income, education, and dependence on fishing of the local population. The estimate of the vulnerability index was based on the relationships between these variables, which were used to generate a vulnerability map using GIS and the interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing, showing the areas of highest priority for intervention in the case of oil spills. The analysis of the natural and socioeconomic environments indicated that the areas of highest vulnerability correspond to the mangroves and the Vila Nova and Alto da Esperança neighborhoods, respectively. These neighborhoods have a direct relationship with fishing, and low levels of both income and education. By contrast, the lowest vulnerability was attributed to the coastal plateau and the central Anjo da Guarda neighborhood, which is occupied by residents with relatively high income and education, who do not depend on fishing.