The AAPM/RSNA physics tutorial for residents - Fluoroscopy: Patient radiation exposure issues
The AAPM/RSNA physics tutorial for residents - Fluoroscopy: Patient radiation exposure issues
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DOI：
10.1148/radiographics.21.4.g01jl271033
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发表时间：
2001-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Mahesh, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mahesh, M
透视手术（特别是延长的介入手术）可能涉及高患者辐射剂量。辐射剂量取决于检查类型、患者体型、设备、技术和许多其他因素。透视系统在辐射剂量方面的性能最好通过受体入口暴露和皮肤入口暴露率来表征，应定期评估。患者暴露的管理不仅涉及这些比率的测量，还涉及患者剂量的临床监测。在手术过程中直接监测患者皮肤剂量是非常可取的，但目前的方法仍然有严重的局限性。可以通过使用间歇曝光、滤线栅移除、最后图像保持、剂量扩散、射束过滤、脉冲荧光透视和其他剂量减少技术来减少皮肤剂量。对透视操作员进行适当培训，了解影响辐射剂量的因素，以及使用各种剂量降低技术，可以有效管理患者剂量。
Fluoroscopic procedures (particularly prolonged interventional procedures) may involve high patient radiation doses. The radiation dose depends on the type of examination, the patient size, the equipment, the technique, and many other factors. The performance of the fluoroscopy system with respect to radiation dose is best characterized by the receptor entrance exposure and skin entrance exposure rates, which should be assessed at regular intervals. Management of patient exposure involves not only measurement of these rates but also clinical monitoring of patient doses. Direct monitoring of patient skin doses during procedures is highly desirable, but current methods still have serious limitations. Skin doses may be reduced by using intermittent exposures, grid removal, last image hold, dose spreading, beam filtration, pulsed fluoroscopy, and other dose reduction techniques. Proper training of fluoroscopic operators, understanding the factors that influence radiation dose, and use of various dose reduction techniques may allow effective management of patient dose.