Getting it right: word learning across the hemispheres.
Getting it right: word learning across the hemispheres.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.01.027
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发表时间：
2013-04
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Elman JL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borovsky A;Kutas M;Elman JL
大脑能够以最少的接触从高度受限的句子上下文中获取有关未知单词含义的信息。在这项研究中，我们研究了大脑半球对这种能力的潜在贡献。本科生首先阅读由已知或未知（新颖）单词完成的弱或强限制性句子。随后，他们对这些单词的了解通过词汇决策任务进行评估，其中它们充当侧化目标单词的视觉启动项，其与启动项的语义关系不同（不相关、相同或同义）。正如预期的那样，无论呈现的视野如何，对于前面有相同（相对于不相关）已知单词素数的目标单词，N400 幅度较小。当未知词作为素数时，只有当素数出现在高句子约束下时，才会观察到 N400 减少到同义目标词；出现在 LVF/RH 中的目标引起了小的 N400 效应和随后后期阳性的调节，而 RVF/LH 中出现的目标仅引起了对后期阳性的调节。最初在低约束环境中看到的未知词仅在晚期积极性和 RVF/LH 中显示出启动效应。语境约束的强度显然会影响大脑半球对新词含义的快速获取。 LVH/RH 中强上下文约束下的新词的 N400 调制表明，快速映射的词汇表征可能最初会激活弱相关、疏远相关、关联相关或主题相关的含义。更广泛和双边的语义处理似乎发生在更长的处理延迟（N400 之后）。
The brain is able to acquire information about an unknown word’s meaning from a highly constraining sentence context with minimal exposure. In this study, we investigate the potential contributions of the cerebral hemispheres to this ability. Undergraduates first read weakly or strongly constraining sentences completed by known or unknown (novel) words. Subsequently, their knowledge of these words was assessed via a lexical decision task in which they served as visual primes for lateralized target words varying in their semantic relationship to the primes (unrelated, identical or synonymous). As expected, smaller N400 amplitudes were seen for target words preceded by identical (vs. unrelated) known word primes, regardless of visual field of presentation. When Unknown words served as primes, N400 reductions to synonymous target words were observed only if the prime had appeared under High sentential constraint; targets appearing in the LVF/RH elicited a small N400 effect and modulation of a subsequent late positivity whereas those in the RVF/LH elicited modulation on the late positivity only. Unknown words initially seen in Low constraint contexts showed priming effects only in a late positivity and only in the RVF/LH. Strength of contextual constraint clearly seems to impact the hemispheres’ rapid acquisition of novel word meanings. N400 modulation for novel words under strong contextual constraint in the LVH/RH suggests that fast-mapped lexical representations may initially activate meanings that are weakly, distantly, associatively or thematically-related. More extensive and bilateral semantic processing seems to occur at longer processing latencies (post N400).
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2009.0111
发表时间：
2009-12-27
期刊：
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Davis MH;Gaskell MG
通讯作者：
Gaskell MG
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Abernethy, M;Coney, J
通讯作者：
Coney, J
DOI：
10.1016/0013-4694(85)90008-2
发表时间：
1985-01-01
期刊：
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
BENTIN, S;MCCARTHY, G;WOOD, CC
通讯作者：
WOOD, CC
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
CHIARELLO, C;BURGESS, C;POLLOCK, A
通讯作者：
POLLOCK, A
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
CHIARELLO, C;RICHARDS, L
通讯作者：
RICHARDS, L