Modeling startle eyeblink electromyogram to assess fear learning.
Modeling startle eyeblink electromyogram to assess fear learning.
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DOI：
10.1111/psyp.12775
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发表时间：
2017-02
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bach DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khemka S;Tzovara A;Gerster S;Quednow BB;Bach DR
巴甫洛夫恐惧条件反射被广泛用作人类和非人类物种联想学习的实验室模型。在这个模型中，生物体被训练来预测来自最初中性事件（条件刺激，CS）的厌恶性非条件刺激。在人类中，恐惧记忆通常是通过条件性自主反应或恐惧增强的惊吓来测量的。对于后者，已经开发了各种分析方法，但缺乏对竞争方法的系统比较。在这里，我们研究了基于模型的眨眼分析方法对恐惧记忆评估的适用性，并将其与现有的分析策略进行比较。首先，我们基于一般的惊吓反应建立了心理生理学模型（PsPM）。然后，我们在三个独立的恐惧调节数据集上优化并验证了这个 PsPM。我们证明，我们的模型可以稳健地区分厌恶刺激（CS+）和非厌恶刺激（CS-，即具有较高的预测有效性）。重要的是，我们基于模型的方法捕获了恐惧保留和恐惧获取过程中恐惧引发的惊吓。我们的结果建立了一种基于 PsPM 的方法来评估恐惧增强惊吓，并验证了之前的峰值评分方法。我们提出的模型代表了一种通用的惊吓反应，并且可以在恐惧调节之外使用，例如，量化情感惊吓调制或声学惊吓反应的前脉冲抑制。
Pavlovian fear conditioning is widely used as a laboratory model of associative learning in human and nonhuman species. In this model, an organism is trained to predict an aversive unconditioned stimulus from initially neutral events (conditioned stimuli, CS). In humans, fear memory is typically measured via conditioned autonomic responses or fear‐potentiated startle. For the latter, various analysis approaches have been developed, but a systematic comparison of competing methodologies is lacking. Here, we investigate the suitability of a model‐based approach to startle eyeblink analysis for assessment of fear memory, and compare this to extant analysis strategies. First, we build a psychophysiological model (PsPM) on a generic startle response. Then, we optimize and validate this PsPM on three independent fear‐conditioning data sets. We demonstrate that our model can robustly distinguish aversive (CS+) from nonaversive stimuli (CS‐, i.e., has high predictive validity). Importantly, our model‐based approach captures fear‐potentiated startle during fear retention as well as fear acquisition. Our results establish a PsPM‐based approach to assessment of fear‐potentiated startle, and qualify previous peak‐scoring methods. Our proposed model represents a generic startle response and can potentially be used beyond fear conditioning, for example, to quantify affective startle modulation or prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response.