Expression of Talent in the Technical Domain
Expression of Talent in the Technical Domain
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技术领域人才的表达
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发表时间：
2013
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通讯作者：
A. Ona
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作者：
A. Ona
为了研究科学教育中的启蒙者对天赋的看法，斯滕贝格也从这个角度研究了这一现象，总结了五角形内隐理论中这一概念的口语含义，从而确定了一个人被认为是天才的五个标准：卓越标准-指出“个人在某些维度或维度集合中相对于同龄人具有上级”，稀有标准-指出“个人必须具有相对于同龄人罕见的高水平属性”，生产力标准-指出“被评价为上级的个人的沿着维度必须导致或可能导致生产力”，可证明性标准-规定“个人的优越性或决定天赋的方面必须通过一项或多项有效评估测试加以证明”，价值标准-指出“一个人必须在他或她的社会对他或她有价值的一个维度上表现出上级表现”（斯滕贝格，1993年，第100页）。186-187).科学意义与口语意义相差不远。但是，从科学的角度来看，这个概念随着其演变的每一个新步骤而变得更加微妙、扩大和缩小。它被改造和改革，以便与其主要目的相关联，即与其教育心理和社会最佳服务一起，为直接受益者-上级天才-和随后的受益者-教师和学校，公司等的管理人员服务，整个社会。由于它的慷慨，我们同意大卫云戴给出的并在研究界广泛接受的天才定义-天才是通过与年龄相适应的标准，通过真实的，卓越的表现或卓越的潜力，通过能力倾向测试，面试和对行为和表现的临床观察来证明的卓越。”（戴国忠，2009，第41页）.评价解释禀赋和人才的理论模型，以界定“技术人才“理论模型在社会和科学上是有效的（戴维森，2009），在这种情况下，它们的相关性与技术人才的研究有关。我们将在下文中对上述模型中的技术人才定义进行总结。根据Feldhusen的人才列表，可以将技术人才视为目前参与学术和职业领域的人才。在这个模型中，人才的概念被简单地视为上级禀赋的一个组成部分。甚至笔者通过对天赋和上级禀赋含义的理论选择的考察，也会采用加涅对天赋的启示意义，即通过教育干预对卓越能力者禀赋的积极转化。（Feldhusen，2005）.根据Tanenbaum的观点，技术人才是“配额人才”的一部分，将在工程师的杰出成果中找到。塔南鲍姆将天赋的画像放在一颗五角星星星的中间，并声称这五种元素（高智商、特殊能力、非智力特征、环境支持和机遇）中的每一种都会在不同的天赋领域中以不同的比例出现。哪一种才是最佳组合，才能塑造出技术型人才？这将是一个有待进一步研究的开放问题，特别是因为社会责任的重要性可能会增加。Tanenbaum强调，“对于有天赋的人来说，重要的是要学会一个伟大的性格应该作为一个伟大成就的调解人，相反，聪明的头脑可能成为世界上最具破坏性的力量”（Tanenbaum，2000，p.）。
Perspectives surrounding the concept of giftednessIn order to investigate the perception of the giftedness among the initiated in science education, Sternberg has studied the phenomenon from this perspective too, summarizing the colloquial meaning of the concept in the pentagonal implicit theory, thus identifying five criteria to be met by someone, in order to be considered as a gifted person: The Excellence Criterion - states that "the individual is superior in some dimension or set of dimensions relative to peers", The Rarity Criterion - states that "an individual must possess a high level of an attribute that is rare relative to peers", The Productivity Criterion - states that "the dimensions along which individual is evaluated as superior must lead to or potentially lead to productivity", The Demonstrability Criterion - states that "the superiority of the individual or the dimension which determine giftedness must be demonstrable through one or more tests that are valid assessment", The Value Criterion - states that "the person must show superior performance in a dimension that is valued for that person by his or her society" (Sternberg, 1993, pp. 186-187).The scientific meaning is not far from the colloquial one. But the concept in its scientific perspective is more nuanced, enlarged and narrowed in connection with every new step of its evolution. It is transformed and reformed in order to be correlated to its primary purpose, which is to serve, together with its educational psychological and social optimum services, the immediate beneficiaries - the superior gifted people - and the subsequent beneficiaries - the teachers and the managers of schools, companies, etc., the society as a whole. Because of its generosity, we agree the definition of giftedness given by David Yun Dai and widely accepted in research community - gifted is demonstrated excellence by age - appropriate standards, through authentic, exceptional performance or potential for excellence, demonstrated through aptitude tests, interviews, and clinical observations of behavior and performance" (Dai, 2009, p. 41).Evaluations of the theoretical models for explaining the endowment and the talent, in order to define the "technical talent"The theoretical models are valid in their usefulness for the society and science (Davidson, 2009), and in this case their relevance is related to the study of the technical talent. We will summarize in the following contribution to the definition of technical talent in each of the models described.According to Feldhusen's talents list one can consider the technical talent as currently involved in the academic and vocational fields. In this model, the concept of talent is simplistically addressed as a component of the superior endowment. Even the author, by reviewing his theoretical option for the meaning of talent and superior endowment, will adopt for talent the meaning inspired by Gagne, which is positive transformation of the remarkable aptitudes' endowment through educational intervention. (Feldhusen, 2005).According to Tanenbaum's view, the technical talent is part of the "quota talents" and will be found in the outstanding results of engineers. Tanenbaum puts the portrait of giftedness in the middle of a five-pointed star and claims that each of the five elements (high general intelligence, exceptional specific abilities, non-intellectual traits, environmental support, and chance) will be present in different proportions in different areas of talent. Which should be the perfect combination in order to portray the technical talent? It will remain as an open question for further investigations, especially since to these on may add the importance of social responsibility. Tanenbaum stresses that "it is essential for gifted people to learn that a great character should serve as a mediator of a great accomplishment, by contrary the brilliant minds may become the most destructive forces in the world" (Tanenbaum, 2000, p. …