Continental and oceanic core complexes
Continental and oceanic core complexes
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DOI：
10.1130/b30754.1
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发表时间：
2012-11
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
D. Whitney;C. Teyssier;P. Rey;W. Buck
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Whitney;C. Teyssier;P. Rey;W. Buck
岩石圈伸展驱动的核杂岩体形成是地球上的一级传热传质过程。在大陆、缓慢扩张和超低扩张的洋中脊以及大陆裂陷边缘发现了核杂构造；在每一种情况下，伸展都推动了深部地壳和/或上地幔的挖掘。流变学特征从根本上决定了岩心-杂岩体的扩展方式和规模：①脆性层与韧性层之间的耦合调节了脆性层的断层形态；(2)流动层的粘度主要受同张性地热和熔体存在与否的控制。通过野外和基于模型的研究，研究了岩心复合体的压力-温度-时间-流体-变形历史，揭示了热量和物质从深到浅的平流的幅度、速率和机制，以及岩石圈化学和物理演化的后果，包括岩心复合体在地壳分异、全球元素循环和成矿中的作用。在这篇综述中，我们回顾了近40年的岩心复合体文献，讨论了与大陆和海洋背景下岩心复合体的形成和演化有关的过程和问题，强调了岩心复合体对岩石圈动力学的重要性，并提出了未来可能的研究方向。
Core-complex formation driven by lithospheric extension is a first-order process of heat and mass transfer in the Earth. Core-complex structures have been recognized in the continents, at slow- and ultraslow-spreading mid-ocean ridges, and at continental rifted margins; in each of these settings, extension has driven the exhumation of deep crust and/or upper mantle. The style of extension and the magnitude of core-complex exhumation are determined fundamentally by rheology: (1) Coupling between brittle and ductile layers regulates fault patterns in the brittle layer; and (2) viscosity of the flowing layer is controlled dominantly by the synextension geotherm and the presence or absence of melt. The pressure-temperature-time-fluid-deformation history of core complexes, investigated via field- and modeling-based studies, reveals the magnitude, rate, and mechanisms of advection of heat and material from deep to shallow levels, as well as the consequences for the chemical and physical evolution of the lithosphere, including the role of core-complex development in crustal differentiation, global element cycles, and ore formation. In this review, we provide a survey of ∼40 yr of core-complex literature, discuss processes and questions relevant to the formation and evolution of core complexes in continental and oceanic settings, highlight the significance of core complexes for lithosphere dynamics, and propose a few possible directions for future research.