The Compositional Structure of the Small Intestinal Microbial Community via Balloon-Assisted Enteroscopy
The Compositional Structure of the Small Intestinal Microbial Community via Balloon-Assisted Enteroscopy
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DOI：
10.1159/000524023
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发表时间：
2022-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
T. Nagasue;A. Hirano;T. Torisu;J. Umeno;H. Shibata;T. Moriyama;K. Kawasaki;Shin Fujioka;Y. Fuyuno;Y. Matsuno;M. Esaki;T. Kitazono
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文献类型：
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作者：
T. Nagasue;A. Hirano;T. Torisu;J. Umeno;H. Shibata;T. Moriyama;K. Kawasaki;Shin Fujioka;Y. Fuyuno;Y. Matsuno;M. Esaki;T. Kitazono
导言：通过分析粪便或结肠微生物群，发现人类肠道微生物群与各种疾病（如代谢性疾病）之间存在关联。尽管小肠微生物群很重要，但采样困难阻碍了对其进行全面分析。我们研究了小肠微生物群的组成和宏基因组功能，并将其与粪便和其他胃肠道（GI）部位的微生物群进行了比较。方法：在球囊辅助肠镜下采集胃肠道6个部位（胃、十二指肠、空肠远端、回肠近端、回肠末端和直肠）的黏膜标本。收集了所有参与者的粪便样本。采用16S核糖体RNA基因测序技术，比较了小肠黏膜微生物群与粪便和其他胃肠道部位微生物群的结构和宏基因组功能。结果：我们分析了来自29名参与者的133份样本。微生物多样性分析显示，空肠和回肠与下消化道和粪便存在显著差异（p < 0.001）。空肠和十二指肠微生物群形成相似的集群。回肠菌群广泛分布于上下胃肠道，与空肠菌群差异显著（p < 0.001）。空肠中有大量细孔菌和链球菌，而下消化道和粪便中较少。与营养代谢相关的宏基因组功能在小肠和粪便之间存在显著差异。结论：小肠微生物群的组成结构与粪便和其他胃肠道微生物群的组成结构不同，分析小肠微生物群对于代谢性疾病与肠道微生物群的关联研究是必要的。
Introduction: An association has been found between human-gut microbiota and various diseases (e.g., metabolic disease) by analyzing fecal or colonic microbiota. Despite the importance of the small intestinal microbiota, sampling difficulties prevent its full analysis. We investigated the composition and metagenomic functions of microbiota along the small intestine and compared them with the microbiota from feces and from other gastrointestinal (GI) sites. Methods: Mucosal samples from the six GI sites (stomach, duodenum, distal jejunum, proximal ileum, terminal ileum, and rectum) were collected under balloon-assisted enteroscopy. Fecal samples were collected from all participants. The microbial structures and metagenomic functions of the small intestinal mucosal microbiota were compared with those from feces and other GI sites using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results: We analyzed 133 samples from 29 participants. Microbial beta diversity analysis showed that the jejunum and ileum differed significantly from the lower GI tract and the feces (p < 0.001). Jejunal and duodenal microbiotas formed similar clusters. Wide clusters spanning the upper and lower GI tracts were observed with the ileal microbiota, which differed significantly from the jejunal microbiota (p < 0.001). Veillonella and Streptococcus were abundant in the jejunum but less so in the lower GI tract and feces. The metagenomic functions associated with nutrient metabolism differed significantly between the small intestine and the feces. Conclusions: The fact that the compositional structures of small intestinal microbiota differed from those of fecal and other GI microbiotas reveals that analyzing the small intestinal microbiota is necessary for association studies on metabolic diseases and gut microbiota.