Attributes of drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene associated with microbiological water quality of stored drinking water in rural schools in Mozambique and Uganda.
Attributes of drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene associated with microbiological water quality of stored drinking water in rural schools in Mozambique and Uganda.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113804
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发表时间：
2021-07
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Kayser GL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morgan CE;Bowling JM;Bartram J;Kayser GL
受污染的饮用水在全世界造成发病率和死亡率，特别是在低收入和中等收入国家。饮用水质量在家庭环境中得到了广泛的研究，但在学校饮用水质量方面的研究很少。学校环境尤其重要，因为儿童比成人更容易因饮用水污染而感染各种疾病。许多学校的水，环境卫生和个人卫生（WaSH）干预措施已被研究其有效性，以减少疟疾的发病率，但很少有评估饮用水的质量，这是一个重要的接触途径之间的WaSH服务和健康结果。利用根据国际公认的WaSH指标和现场微生物水质测试开发的学校调查，我们研究了莫桑比克和乌干达的374所农村学校，以了解特定WaSH服务与饮用水微生物污染之间的关联，特别是测试了大肠杆菌的最大可能数量（MPN），这是粪便污染的指标，每100毫升。在莫桑比克和乌干达，分别有71%和83%的农村学校的饮用水质量风险较低（<1 E。大肠杆菌/100 mL）; 13%和7%的水质风险极高（≥ 100 E. coli/100 ml）。当考虑到所有的WaSH服务时，使用改良型水源的学校的E。莫桑比克储存饮用水中大肠杆菌的含量（95% CI：0.07，0.65）比对照组低0.12倍。大肠埃希菌（95% CI：0.02，0.80）。在莫桑比克，在30分钟内使用水源和洗手时有水和肥皂/灰也与E.饮用水中的大肠杆菌。这项研究的结果为公共卫生从业人员提供了可实施的WaSH服务，以改善学校饮用水质量，这对莫桑比克和乌干达农村地区学龄儿童的健康，学习环境和认知发展具有影响。
Contaminated drinking water causes morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Drinking water quality has been studied extensively in household settings, but little research is available on drinking water quality in schools. School settings are of particular importance, because children are more susceptible than adults to a variety of diseases from contaminated drinking water. Many school water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) interventions have been studied for their efficacy to reduce diarrheal disease incidence, but few have evaluated drinking water quality, which is an important exposure pathway between WaSH services and health outcomes. Using school surveys developed from internationally established WaSH indicators and field microbiological water quality tests, we studied 374 rural schools in Mozambique and Uganda to understand the association between specific WaSH services and drinking water microbiological contamination, specifically testing most probable number (MPN) of Escherichia coli, an indicator of fecal contamination, per 100mL. In Mozambique and Uganda, 71% and 83% respectively of rural schools had low risk drinking water quality (<1 E. coli/100mL); thirteen percent and seven percent had very high-risk water quality (≥ 100 E. coli/100 ml). When accounting for all WaSH services studied, schools that used an improved-type water source had 0.22 times less E. coli in stored drinking water in Mozambique (95% CI: 0.07, 0.65) and 0.12 times less E. coli in Uganda (95% CI: 0.02, 0.80). In Mozambique, use of a water source within 30 minutes and the presence of water and soap/ash for handwashing were also significantly associated with less E. coli in drinking water. The findings of this study provide public health practitioners with implementable WaSH services to improve school drinking water quality, which has implications for the health, learning environment, and cognitive development of school children in rural Mozambique and Uganda.
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影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Guo, Amy Z.;Bartram, Jamie K.
通讯作者：
Bartram, Jamie K.
DOI：
10.3390/ijerph15040570
发表时间：
2018-04-01
影响因子：
--
作者：
Chard, Anna N.;Freeman, Matthew C.
通讯作者：
Freeman, Matthew C.
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Hunter, Paul R.
通讯作者：
Hunter, Paul R.
影响因子：
15.8
作者：
Hunter PR;MacDonald AM;Carter RC
通讯作者：
Carter RC
影响因子：
3.8
作者：
Chard, Anna N.;Trinies, Victoria;Freeman, Matthew C.
通讯作者：
Freeman, Matthew C.