Effects of silver and cerium dioxide micro- and nano-sized particles on Daphnia magna
Effects of silver and cerium dioxide micro- and nano-sized particles on Daphnia magna
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DOI：
10.1039/c1em10060b
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Fernandes, Teresa F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gaiser, Birgit K.;Biswas, Anamika;Fernandes, Teresa F.
急性（96小时）和慢性（21天）的大型蚤新生儿暴露进行了纳米和微米大小的Ag和CeO 2颗粒，以评估材料和颗粒大小对死亡率和蜕皮的影响。急性暴露中银的死亡率为：AgNP，0.1 mg L-1时为56.7 +/- 23.3%，1 mg L-1时为100 +/- 20%; micro-Ag，0.1 mg L-1时为13.3 +/- 6.7%，1 mg L-1时为80 +/- 20%。CeO 2在浓度高达10 mg L-1时没有急性毒性。死亡率为银超过21天的浓度高达0.05毫克L-1是低的，而死亡率为30%，观察到0.001毫克L-1的纳米银。除了10 mg L-1的纳米CeO 2（第7天死亡率为100%）外，CeO 2是无毒的。抑制蜕皮和生长的急性研究中发生在有毒浓度（银颗粒），并在10毫克L-1的纳米CeO 2。慢性研究表明，0.001 mg L-1的纳米银和0.01和0.05 mg L-1的两种大小的银减少换羽，但没有影响D。大尺寸，没有CeO 2的影响。纳米CeO 2的毒性可能是由于减少摄食和物理干扰水蚤的甲壳，导致游泳能力下降。我们的研究结果表明，银纳米颗粒，特别是有可能是有害的水生无脊椎动物释放到环境中后，而CeO 2颗粒似乎造成的不良影响很小，只有在环境无关的浓度。
Acute (96 h) and chronic (21 d) exposures of Daphnia magna neonates were carried out with nano- and micro-sized Ag and CeO2 particles to assess the influence of both material and size of particles on mortality and moulting. Mortality rates for silver in the acute exposures were: AgNP, 56.7 +/- 23.3% at 0.1 mg L-1 and 100 +/- 20% at 1 mg L-1, and micro-Ag, 13.3 +/- 6.7% at 0.1 mg L-1 and 80 +/- 20% at 1 mg L-1. CeO2 was not acutely toxic at concentrations up to 10 mg L-1. Mortality for Ag over 21d at concentrations of up to 0.05 mg L-1 was low, while mortality of 30% was observed for 0.001 mg L-1 of nano-Ag. CeO2, with the exception of the 10 mg L-1 of nano-CeO2 (100% mortality by day 7), was non-toxic. Inhibition of moulting and growth in the acute study occurred at toxic concentrations (Ag particles), and at 10 mg L-1 of nano-CeO2. The chronic study revealed reduced moulting at 0.001 mg L-1 of nano-Ag and 0.01 and 0.05 mg L-1 of both sizes of Ag, but there was no impact on D. magna size, and no effects of CeO2. The toxicity of nano-CeO2 may be attributed to reduced feeding and physical interference with the daphnids' carapace, resulting in reduced swimming ability. Our results suggest that Ag NPs in particular have the potential to be harmful to aquatic invertebrates after release into the environment, whereas CeO2 particles appear to cause little adverse effects, and only at environmentally irrelevant concentrations.