Awareness, treatment, and control of major cardiovascular risk factors in a small-scale Italian community: results of a screening campaign.
Awareness, treatment, and control of major cardiovascular risk factors in a small-scale Italian community: results of a screening campaign.
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DOI：
10.2147/vhrm.s40925
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Carugo S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Omboni S;Carabelli G;Ghirardi E;Carugo S
高血压、高胆固醇血症和糖尿病是发达国家心血管疾病的主要原因。然而，这些疾病仍然没有得到很好的认识和治疗。本研究的目的是在位于意大利北方的一个小社区的一个样本中估计主要心血管危险因素的患病率、知晓率、治疗率和控制率。在这项研究中，我们筛选了344名序贯受试者。数据收集包括家族史和临床史、人体测量数据、血压、血糖和血清胆固醇值。通过Progetto Cuore的风险图评估个体心血管风险特征。根据个人病史和/或测量值，78.2%的受试者患有高胆固醇血症（总胆固醇水平> 190 mg/dL），61.0%有中心性肥胖（男性腰围≥ 94 cm，女性腰围≥80 cm），51.2%患有动脉高血压（血压≥ 140/90 mmHg），8.1%患有糖尿病（血糖≥ 126 mg/dL），22.7%空腹血糖受损（血糖100-125 mg/dL），35.5%超重（体重指数25-29 kg/m2）。饮酒者和吸烟者分别占受试者的46.2%和22.4%。对高血压、高胆固醇血症和糖尿病的认识很差，除了糖尿病，对这些危险因素的控制更差。随着年龄的增长，高血压、高血清胆固醇、超重和肥胖的患病率显著增加。高胆固醇血症和肥胖症在女性中明显更常见，而超重和糖尿病在男性中更常见。在15.4%的参与者中，未来10年发生重大心血管事件的风险很高或非常高。在意大利富裕地区的一个小社区，主要心血管危险因素的患病率很高，而意识、治疗和控制都很差。这一结果凸显了筛查运动作为改善早期诊断和获得治疗的战略的重要性，从而有效预防普通人群中的心血管疾病。
Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes are the main causes of cardiovascular diseases in developed countries. However, these conditions are still poorly recognized and treated. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates of major cardiovascular risk factors in an unselected sample of individuals of a small community located in northern Italy. We screened 344 sequential subjects in this study. Data collection included family and clinical history, anthropometric data, blood pressure, blood glucose, and serum cholesterol values. Individual cardiovascular risk profiles were assessed by risk charts of the Progetto Cuore. Based on personal history and/or measured values, 78.2% of subjects had hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol levels > 190 mg/dL), 61.0% had central obesity (waist circumference ≥ 94 cm for men and ≥80 cm for women), 51.2% had arterial hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg), 8.1% had diabetes (blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL), 22.7% had impaired fasting glucose (blood glucose 100–125 mg/dL), and 35.5% were overweight (body mass index 25–29 kg/m2). Alcohol drinkers and smokers accounted for 46.2% and 22.4% of subjects, respectively. Awareness of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes was poor, and control of these risk factors, except for diabetes, was even worse. Prevalence of high blood pressure, high serum cholesterol, overweight, and obesity significantly increased with aging. Hypercholesterolemia and obesity were significantly more common in women, while overweight and diabetes in men. In 15.4% of participants, the risk of a major cardiovascular event in the next 10 years was either high or very high. In a small community in a wealthy region of Italy, the prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors is high, while awareness, treatment, and control are poor. Such a result highlights the importance of screening campaigns as a strategy to improve early diagnosis and access to treatment, and thus effective prevention of cardiovascular diseases in the general population.