Multi-proxy dating of Holocene maar lakes and Pleistocene dry maar sediments in the Eifel, Germany
Multi-proxy dating of Holocene maar lakes and Pleistocene dry maar sediments in the Eifel, Germany
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.09.011
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发表时间：
2013-02
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
F. Sirocko;S. Dietrich;D. Veres;P. Grootes;Katja Schaber-Mohr;K. Seelos;M. Nadeau;B. Kromer;Leonard Rothacker;M. Röhner;M. Krbetschek;P. Appleby;U. Hambach;C. Rolf;M. Sudo;Stephanie Grim
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作者：
F. Sirocko;S. Dietrich;D. Veres;P. Grootes;Katja Schaber-Mohr;K. Seelos;M. Nadeau;B. Kromer;Leonard Rothacker;M. Röhner;M. Krbetschek;P. Appleby;U. Hambach;C. Rolf;M. Sudo;Stephanie Grim
在过去的12年里，美因茨大学的ELSA项目(Eifel层状沉积物档案)总共从27个Maar湖和充填在Eifel/德国的Maar盆地中钻出了大约52个岩心。用6种不同的方法(~(210)Pb和~(137)Cs活度、孢粉地层学、事件标志物、VVE计数、~(14)C)对全新世岩心进行了测年。一般来说，不同的方法在误差范围内一致地相互补充。事件相关性用于将典型的岩性变化与历史上已知的事件联系起来，如公元前1342年和公元前800年的两次重大全新世洪水事件。MIS2-MIS3岩心剖面的测年方法包括灰阶调谐、放射性碳测年、OSL测年、磁性地层学和岩石学年代学。沉积物岩芯的岩性变化显示了一系列类似于北大西洋上一次冰川周期的快速气候变化的事件。MIS3间期最温暖的是GI14，当时一片云杉丰富的森林覆盖了距今55到48世纪的艾菲尔地区，也就是说，在欧洲其他气候档案也表明非常温暖的时期。这种“早期3期暖期”的森林随后发育成白桦树和松树零星分布的草原，最后在25ka BP左右发展成冰川沙漠。莫诺湖和拉尚地磁漂移的证据在两个长岩心中找到。中更新世和晚更新世的几次大喷发(Ulmener Maar-11,000个变年BP，Laacher See-12,900个变年BP，Mosenberg火山/MeerFelder Maar 41-45个火山灰年BP，Dümpel Maar 116个火山灰年BP，Glees Maar-151个火山灰年BP)产生了对核间和地点间对比至关重要的明显火山灰层。埃菲尔被调查的最古老的MAAR是40Ar/39Ar，可以追溯到英国石油公司520年前的时间。
During the last twelve years the ELSA Project (Eifel Laminated Sediment Archive) at Mainz University has drilled a total of about 52 cores from 27 maar lakes and filled-in maar basins in the Eifel/Germany. Dating has been completed for the Holocene cores using 6 different methods (210Pb and137Cs activities, palynostratigraphy, event markers, varve counting,14C). In general, the different methods consistently complement one another within error margins. Event correlation was used for relating typical lithological changes with historically known events such as the two major Holocene flood events at 1342 AD and ca 800 BC. Dating of MIS2–MIS3 core sections is based on greyscale tuning, radiocarbon and OSL dating, magnetostratigraphy and tephrochronology. The lithological changes in the sediment cores demonstrate a sequence of events similar to the North Atlantic rapid climate variability of the Last Glacial Cycle. The warmest of the MIS3 interstadials was GI14, when a forest with abundant spruce covered the Eifel area from 55 to 48 ka BP, i.e. during a time when also other climate archives in Europe suggested very warm conditions. The forest of this “Early Stage 3 warm phase” developed subsequently into a steppe with scattered birch and pine, and finally into a glacial desert at around 25 ka BP. Evidence for Mono Lake and Laschamp geomagnetic excursions is found in two long cores. Several large eruptions during Middle and Late Pleistocene (Ulmener Maar – 11,000 varve years BP, Laacher See – 12,900 varve years BP, Mosenberg volcanoes/Meerfelder Maar 41–45 cal ka BP, Dümpel Maar 116 ka BP, Glees Maar – 151 ka BP) produced distinct ash-layers crucial for inter-core and inter-site correlations. The oldest investigated maar of the Eifel is40Ar/39Ar dated to the time older than 520 ka BP.