Environmental and human health trade-offs in potential Chinese dietary shifts
Environmental and human health trade-offs in potential Chinese dietary shifts
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DOI：
10.1016/j.oneear.2022.02.002
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发表时间：
2022-03-18
期刊：
影响因子：
16.2
通讯作者：
Mauzerall, Denise L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guo, Yixin;He, Pan;Mauzerall, Denise L.
从斯台普斯到肉类、水果和蔬菜的饮食转变增加了环境影响。过量的红肉摄入和微量营养素缺乏也会引起健康问题。以前的研究考察了替代饮食对环境和健康的影响，但忽视了对空气污染和土地利用变化的影响。在这里，我们研究了四种潜在的中国饮食变化对氨和颗粒物（PM2.5）空气污染，温室气体（GHG）排放，与土地利用变化相关的碳储存损失，水资源利用和人类健康的影响。我们表明，用大豆代替红肉的饮食有益于环境，每年可避免57，000例与PM2.5相关的过早死亡。然而，随着中国膳食指南（CDG）和EAT-Lancet饮食的采用，膳食健康益处似乎更大，每年可预防超过100万例过早死亡。然而，这两种饮食都会增加水的使用和温室气体。CDG还增加了土地使用的变化，但EAT-Lancet通过减少乳制品和红肉来减少土地使用的变化。饮食变化的复杂利益和权衡强调需要进一步改善农业管理，以实现更大的健康-环境共同利益。
Dietary shifts from staples toward meats, fruits, and vegetables increase environmental impacts. Excessive red meat intake and micro-nutrient deficiencies also raise health concerns. Previous research examined environmental and health consequences of alternative diets but overlooked impacts on air pollution and land use change. Here we examine implications of four potential Chinese dietary shifts on ammonia and particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, carbon storage loss associated with land-use change, water use, and human health. We show that a diet that replaces red meat with soy benefits the environment and avoids 57,000 PM2.5-related premature deaths annually. Dietary health benefits, however, appear larger with adoption of the Chinese Dietary Guideline (CDG) and EAT-Lancet diets, which prevent over one million premature deaths annually. However, both diets increase water use and GHGs. CDG also increases land use change, but EAT-Lancet reduces it by cutting dairy and red meat. Complex benefits and trade-offs of dietary shifts emphasize the need for further improvements in agricultural management to enable larger health-environment co-benefits.