Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1: Is It the Link between Sulfur Amino Acids and Lipid Metabolism?
Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase-1: Is It the Link between Sulfur Amino Acids and Lipid Metabolism?
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DOI：
10.3390/biology4020383
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发表时间：
2015-06-03
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Schwartz IV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Poloni S;Blom HJ;Schwartz IV
硫磺氨基酸(蛋氨酸、半胱氨酸、同型半胱氨酸和牛磺酸)和脂肪代谢之间的关系已经在几个实验和基于人群的研究中被描述。这些氨基酸代谢的变化影响血清脂蛋白浓度，尽管其潜在的机制仍不清楚。然而，最近的证据表明，硬脂酰辅酶A脱饱和酶-1(SCD-1)可能是这两条代谢途径之间的纽带。SCD-1是合成单不饱和脂肪酸的关键酶。其主要底物C16：0和C18：0及其产物棕榈油酸(C16：1)和油酸(C18：1)是甘油三酯、胆固醇酯和膜磷脂中含量最丰富的脂肪酸。在几种含硫氨基酸代谢紊乱的动物模型中观察到SCD-1的显著抑制，并且SCD-1的活性也与人类中这些氨基酸的水平有关。这种酶似乎也与代谢综合征的病因学有关，因为它的抑制会导致脂肪沉积减少(与食物摄入量无关)，改善胰岛素敏感性，并增加基础能量消耗。有趣的是，这种抗肥胖表型在患有含硫氨基酸紊乱的人和动物中也被描述过，这与SCD-1活性受这些氨基酸影响的假设一致，特别是半胱氨酸，它是SCD-1活性和脂肪储存的强大和独立的预测因子。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们讨论了含硫氨基酸、SCD-1和脂代谢相关的证据。
An association between sulfur amino acids (methionine, cysteine, homocysteine and taurine) and lipid metabolism has been described in several experimental and population-based studies. Changes in the metabolism of these amino acids influence serum lipoprotein concentrations, although the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. However, recent evidence has suggested that the enzyme stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) may be the link between these two metabolic pathways. SCD-1 is a key enzyme for the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids. Its main substrates C16:0 and C18:0 and products palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and oleic acid (C18:1) are the most abundant fatty acids in triglycerides, cholesterol esters and membrane phospholipids. A significant suppression of SCD-1 has been observed in several animal models with disrupted sulfur amino acid metabolism, and the activity of SCD-1 is also associated with the levels of these amino acids in humans. This enzyme also appears to be involved in the etiology of metabolic syndromes because its suppression results in decreased fat deposits (regardless of food intake), improved insulin sensitivity and higher basal energy expenditure. Interestingly, this anti-obesogenic phenotype has also been described in humans and animals with sulfur amino acid disorders, which is consistent with the hypothesis that SCD-1 activity is influenced by these amino acids, in particularly cysteine, which is a strong and independent predictor of SCD-1 activity and fat storage. In this narrative review, we discuss the evidence linking sulfur amino acids, SCD-1 and lipid metabolism.