Fully Autonomous Vehicles for People with Visual Impairment: Policy, Accessibility, and Future Directions
Fully Autonomous Vehicles for People with Visual Impairment: Policy, Accessibility, and Future Directions
复制标题
为视力障碍人士提供的全自动驾驶汽车：政策、可达性和未来方向
DOI：
10.1145/3471934
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Giudice, Nicholas A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fink, Paul D.;Holz, Jessica A.;Giudice, Nicholas A.
在美国，有相当多的人报告称自己患有限制其出行能力的残疾，其中包括许多盲人或视障人士 (BVI)。交通限制会导致与经济安全、身心健康以及整体生活质量相关的负面影响。全自动驾驶汽车 (FAV) 提供了一种通过提供新的、安全的独立出行机会来减轻这一人群的出行障碍的方法。然而，目前管理 FAV“驾驶”人工智能 (AI) 互动的政策并未反映英属维尔京群岛人民在现有文献中阐述的无障碍需求，未能鼓励能够改变生活的移动性的用例。通过回顾围绕 FAV 的立法和政策努力，我们认为这个问题的核心是由于对 FAV 的无障碍性采取了脱节、自由放任的态度，这种方法尚未实现这种新交通方式的全部好处，不仅对英属维尔京群岛人民，而且对所有用户。我们概述了指导 FAV 设计的政策框架的必要性，以纳入英属维尔京群岛人民的关切，然后提出立法和设计建议，旨在促进 FAV 旅行过程中的无障碍性、透明度和公平性。
A significant number of individuals in the United States report a disability that limits their ability to travel, including many people who areblind or visually impaired (BVI).The implications of restricted transportation result in negative impacts related to economic security, physical and mental health, and overall quality of life.Fully autonomous vehicles (FAVs)present a means to mitigate travel barriers for this population by providing new, safe, and independent travel opportunities. However, current policies governing interactions with theartificial intelligence (AI)‘at the wheel’ of FAVs do not reflect the accessibility needs articulated by BVI people in the extant literature, failing to encourage use cases that would result in life changing mobility. By reviewing the legislative and policy efforts surrounding FAVs, we argue that the heart of this problem is due to a disjointed, laissez-faire approach to FAV accessibility that has yet to actualize the full benefits of this new transportation mode, not only for BVI people, but also for all users. We outline the necessity for a policy framework that guides the design of FAVs to include the concerns of BVI people and then propose legislative and design recommendations aimed to promote enhanced accessibility, transparency, and fairness during FAV travel.