Smart structures approaches for health monitoring of aircraft structures
Smart structures approaches for health monitoring of aircraft structures
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用于飞机结构健康监测的智能结构方法
DOI：
10.1117/12.420875
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Baker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Galea;A. Baker
由于经济压力，商用和军用飞机机队都在使用更多的老化飞机。因此，可以预期，结构性重大缺陷的发生率将在未来显著增加。就澳大利亚而言，澳大利亚皇家空军机队的很大一部分已经超过了设计寿命。例如，F-111 C机队将服役至2015年，比飞机的原始设计寿命长约20年。随着机队的老化，运营商需要将更大份额的资源用于机体的全寿命支持。降低成本和提高飞机可用性的一种方法是使用智能材料技术。智能材料是指能够以智能方式对操作环境或其他刺激的变化做出反应的材料。这种能力可以通过嵌入或附着在结构中的传感器和致动器来实现，或者更简单地说，通过材料中的固有响应机制来实现。在机体老化的背景下，智能材料/结构技术具有很好的潜力，可以提供全寿命支持方面的改进，包括健康和使用监测（HUMS），最终目标是允许采用基于状态的维护程序，而不是依赖于目前昂贵的基于时间的维护程序。本文讨论了智能结构技术在飞机结构健康监测中的发展和评价。DSTO正在开发的系统的具体目标是改造现有的机身结构（例如智能维修和加固，具有自我监测补丁系统完整性的能力），其中系统需要是自主的，分布式的，鲁棒的和可靠的。本文扩大了健康监测技术的开发和评估，包括使用电阻箔应变计，压电元件和光纤传感器。由于这里的重点是对现有结构的改造系统，本文还涉及到半自治系统，其中包括自供电和无线接入技术。
Due to economic pressures both commercial and military aircraft fleets are operating a greater number of ageing aircraft. It can therefore be expected that the occurrence of structurally significant defects will significantly increase in the future. In the Australian context, a significant portion of the Royal Australian Air Force fleet are being operated well past the designed life. For example the F-111C fleet will be in service till the year 2015 which is about 20 years more than the original design life of the aircraft. As fleets get older a greater share of the operator's resources need to be used on through-life-support of the airframe. One way of reducing costs and increasing aircraft availability is through the use of smart materials technology. Smart materials are materials with the ability to respond to changes in the operating environment or to other stimuli in an intelligent way. This ability may be achieved from sensors and actuators embedded in or attached to the structure or, more simply, from an inherent response mechanism in the material. In the context of ageing airframes, smart materials/structures technology has excellent potential to provide improvements in through-life support, including health and usage monitoring (HUMS), with the eventual aim of allowing condition based maintenance procedures to be adopted rather then relying on current expensive time-based maintenance procedures. This paper discusses the development and evaluation in DSTO of smart structure technologies to be applied to structural health monitoring of aircraft structures. Systems are being developed by DSTO with the specific aim of retro-fitting to existing airframe structures (e.g. smart repairs and reinforcements with the ability to self-monitor patch system integrity), where the systems need to be autonomous, distributed, robust and reliable. The paper expands on the health monitoring techniques being developed and evaluated, including the use of electrical-resistance foil strain gauges, piezoelectric elements and optical fibre sensors. Since the emphasis here is on retrofitting systems to existing structures the paper also touches on ftilly-autonomous systems which incorporate self-powering and wireless access techniques.