Environmental risk assessment of six human pharmaceuticals:: Are the current environmental risk assessment procedures sufficient for the protection of the aquatic environment?
Environmental risk assessment of six human pharmaceuticals:: Are the current environmental risk assessment procedures sufficient for the protection of the aquatic environment?
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DOI：
10.1897/03-246
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发表时间：
2004-05-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Garric, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferrari, B;Mons, R;Garric, J
本研究收集了卡马西平、氯贝酸、双氯芬酸、氧氟沙星、普萘洛尔和磺胺甲恶唑等6种药物的暴露和生态毒性数据，包括我们自己的实验数据和文献数据。从这一数据收集，两级欧洲指南草案的人用药品的环境风险评估进行了测试。将法国和德国的废水和地表沃茨中的实测环境浓度与两国的预测环境浓度进行了比较。以类似的方式，估计了每种药物从急性数据得出的预测无效浓度（PNEC）和从慢性数据得出的PNEC，然后在两个国家比较了相应的PEC/PNEC比值。在全球范围内，结果表明，每种考虑的药物的所有环境浓度（预测或测量）都超过了10 ng/L的临界值，这需要根据生态毒性数据进行第二级评估。此外，这六种药物显示出相对有限的急性毒性，而卡马西平和普萘洛尔在现行欧洲草案程序下被不准确地确定为具有可忽略的风险。这些结果引发了对药物实际程序的讨论，特别是关于适当的生态毒性测试的需要。
In this study, exposure and ecotoxicity data of six human pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, clofibric acid, diclofenac, ofloxacin, propranolol, and sulfamethoxazole) were collected, including our own experimental data and literature data. From this data collection, the two-tiered European draft guideline on the environmental risk assessment of human pharmaceuticals was tested. Measured environmental concentrations in effluents from France and in effluents and surface waters from Germany were compared to the predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) in both countries. In a similar manner, predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) derived from acute data and PNECs derived from chronic data were estimated for each pharmaceutical and corresponding PEC/PNEC ratios then were compared in both countries. Globally, results demonstrated that all environmental concentrations (predicted or measured) for each considered pharmaceutical exceeded the 10-ng/L cutoff value, which requires the implementation of the second-tier assessment based on ecotoxicity data. Moreover, the six pharmaceuticals showed a relatively limited acute toxicity, and carbamazepine and propranolol were inaccurately identified as having negligible risks under the current European draft procedure. Such results lead to discussion of the actual procedure on pharmaceuticals, especially on the need of appropriate ecotoxicity tests.