China's Agricultural Crisis and Famine of 1959-1961: A Survey and Comparison to Soviet Famines
China's Agricultural Crisis and Famine of 1959-1961: A Survey and Comparison to Soviet Famines
复制标题
DOI：
10.1057/ces.2008.4
复制
发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Tao Yang, Dennis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tao Yang, Dennis
中国1958-1961年的大跃进以一场大灾难告终，大范围的饥荒夺去了数百万人的生命。本文回顾了这一历史危机的文献。粮食生产的崩溃主要是由于中央计划的失败，将农业资源转移到工业上，以及农民营养不良，降低了他们的生产力。由此导致的粮食供应下降和中国粮食分配系统的城市偏见是饥荒的主要原因。本文还将中国的经验与苏联1931-1933年和1947年的饥荒进行了比较。
China's Great Leap Forward (GLF) of 1958-1961 ended as a catastrophe as widespread famine claimed millions of human lives. This paper reviews the literature on this historical crisis. The collapse of grain production was primarily attributable to failures in central planning that diverted agricultural resources to industry and to malnutrition among peasants, which lowered their productivity. The resulting decline in grain availability and the urban bias in China's food distribution system were the main causes of the famine. This paper also compares China's experience with the Soviet famines of 1931-1933 and 1947.