Host Genetics and Environment Drive Divergent Responses of Two Resource Sharing Gall-Formers on Norway Spruce: A Common Garden Analysis.
Host Genetics and Environment Drive Divergent Responses of Two Resource Sharing Gall-Formers on Norway Spruce: A Common Garden Analysis.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0142257
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Whitham TG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Axelsson EP;Iason GR;Julkunen-Tiitto R;Whitham TG
群落遗传学领域的一个中心问题是期望不同类型之间的性状变异在构建相关物种和形成群落表型方面发挥决定性作用。在两个常见的花园环境中量化这种群落表型的存在，对于我们在群落水平上理解基因与环境的相互作用也有重要的结果。群落表型的存在还没有在北方林木的树冠中得到评估。在这项研究中，我们研究了树木遗传对两种诱导二倍体姬蜂(Adelges spp.)针叶化学和遗传x环境互作的影响。和Sacchiphantes spp.)它们拥有相同的伸长芽/嫩枝生态位。我们检验了挪威云杉(Picea abies L.)不同基因型树冠的假设。支持不同的社区表型。出现了三种模式。首先，两个图库在对寄主遗传和环境的反应上表现出明显的差异。遗传因素对Adelges spp.的丰度有显著影响。Galls，Sacchiphantes spp.主要受环境影响，表明遗传影响在Adelges spp中较强。其次，家系间的遗传控制抗性差异很大，即全同胞家系对Adelges spp的敏感性差异高达10倍。(0.57至6.2个/分支)。此外，化学图谱的分布是连续的，既显示了重叠，也显示了Fullsib家族之间显著差异的例子。第三，尽管寄主化学对虫害有预测的影响，但31种不同酚类物质的主成分分析表明，与虫害的关联有限，相似性检验表明，具有相似酚类化学特性的树木并不具有更多相似的Gallers群落。尽管如此，在性状表达上的巨大遗传差异和群落成员对寄主遗传学反应的明显差异支持了我们的假设，即挪威云杉的树冠在其群落表型上是不同的。
A central issue in the field of community genetics is the expectation that trait variation among genotypes play a defining role in structuring associated species and in forming community phenotypes. Quantifying the existence of such community phenotypes in two common garden environments also has important consequences for our understanding of gene-by-environment interactions at the community level. The existence of community phenotypes has not been evaluated in the crowns of boreal forest trees. In this study we address the influence of tree genetics on needle chemistry and genetic x environment interactions on two gall-inducing adelgid aphids (Adelges spp. and Sacchiphantes spp.) that share the same elongating bud/shoot niche. We examine the hypothesis that the canopies of different genotypes of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) support different community phenotypes. Three patterns emerged. First, the two gallers show clear differences in their response to host genetics and environment. Whereas genetics significantly affected the abundance of Adelges spp. galls, Sacchiphantes spp. was predominately affected by the environment suggesting that the genetic influence is stronger in Adelges spp. Second, the among family variation in genetically controlled resistance was large, i.e. fullsib families differed as much as 10 fold in susceptibility towards Adelges spp. (0.57 to 6.2 galls/branch). Also, the distribution of chemical profiles was continuous, showing both overlap as well as examples of significant differences among fullsib families. Third, despite the predicted effects of host chemistry on galls, principal component analyses using 31 different phenolic substances showed only limited association with galls and a similarity test showed that trees with similar phenolic chemical characteristics, did not host more similar communities of gallers. Nonetheless, the large genetic variation in trait expression and clear differences in how community members respond to host genetics supports our hypothesis that the canopies of Norway spruce differ in their community phenotypes.