Analysis of the Arabidopsis superman allelic series and the interactions with other genes demonstrate developmental robustness and joint specification of male-female boundary, flower meristem termination and carpel compartmentalization
Analysis of the Arabidopsis superman allelic series and the interactions with other genes demonstrate developmental robustness and joint specification of male-female boundary, flower meristem termination and carpel compartmentalization
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DOI：
10.1093/aob/mcw023
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Negrutiu, Ioan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Breuil-Broyer, Stephanie;Trehin, Christophe;Negrutiu, Ioan
背景与目的超人基因是一个控制花中性别界限的基因。该基因在花发育和进化中的功能和作用仍然是难以捉摸的。对一个对比鲜明的等位基因系列（超人、女超人和超级性别）的分析使得有可能区分花分生组织中心的早期和晚期调节过程，其中，染色体是一个重要的贡献者。他们的理解是必要的，在进一步解决进化的问题，两性和花分生组织homeostasis.Methods等位基因间进行比较，并与其他边界因素和花分生组织图案和稳态调节剂的相互作用（如CLV，WUS，PAN，CUC，KNU，AG，AP 3/PI，CRC和SPT）已在遗传，分子，关键结果：早期雄蕊的功能包括雌雄（性）边界的规范，花分生组织终止和雄蕊数量的控制机制。鉴定并分析了一种依赖于SUP的花分生组织终止途径。晚轮功能通过控制轮内器官分离和心皮内侧区的形成在器官形态发生中起作用。通过整合早期和晚期分生组织的功能，并通过在一个单一的实验中分析一系列的分生组织遗传相互作用，提出了分生组织“转移”（级联）的概念--一个调节性的桥接过程，冗余地和顺序地协调花分生组织终止的触发和完成，以及心皮边缘分生组织和胎座图案化。这些结果有力地支持了这样的观点，即在进化过程中，在将雄性/雌性梯度分解为明确的雄性和雌性身份（轮生、器官）以及在加强花的内环境稳定方面，花的（-型）功能一直起着重要作用。这可能是通过将花轴的分生组织图案系统纳入雌性/心皮程序来实现的。
Background and Aims SUPERMAN is a cadastral gene controlling the sexual boundary in the flower. The gene's functions and role in flower development and evolution have remained elusive. The analysis of a contrasting SUP allelic series (for which the names superman, superwoman and supersex have been coined) makes it possible to distinguish early vs. late regulatory processes at the flower meristem centre to which SUP is an important contributor. Their understanding is essential in further addressing evolutionary questions linking bisexuality and flower meristem homeostasis.Methods Inter-allelic comparisons were carried out and SUP interactions with other boundary factors and flower meristem patterning and homeostasis regulators (such as CLV, WUS, PAN, CUC, KNU, AG, AP3/PI, CRC and SPT) have been evaluated at genetic, molecular, morphological and histological levels.Key Results Early SUP functions include mechanisms of male-female (sexual) boundary specification, flower mersitem termination and control of stamen number. A SUP-dependent flower meristem termination pathway is identified and analysed. Late SUP functions play a role in organ morphogenesis by controlling intra-whorl organ separation and carpel medial region formation. By integrating early and late SUP functions, and by analyzing in one single experiment a series of SUP genetic interactions, the concept of meristematic 'transference' (cascade) - a regulatory bridging process redundantly and sequentially co-ordinating the triggering and completion of flower meristem termination, and carpel margin meristem and placenta patterning - is proposed.Conclusions Taken together, the results strongly support the view that SUP(-type) function(s) have been instrumental in resolving male/female gradients into sharp male and female identities (whorls, organs) and in enforcing flower homeostasis during evolution. This has probably been achieved by incorporating the meristem patterning system of the floral axis into the female/carpel programme.