Appraisal process in sheep (Ovis aries):: Interactive effect of suddenness and unfamiliarity on cardiac and behavioral responses
Appraisal process in sheep (Ovis aries):: Interactive effect of suddenness and unfamiliarity on cardiac and behavioral responses
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DOI：
10.1037/0735-7036.120.3.280
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发表时间：
2006-08-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Boissy, Alain
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Desire, Lara;Veissier, Isabelle;Boissy, Alain
评价理论认为，一种情绪源于个人对刺激事件的评价，这种评价是基于一套标准的。每个标准触发特定的表达式，这些表达式可以通过其他标准的结果进行调节。作者分析了突发性、不熟悉性标准及其组合对羔羊（Ovis aries）行为和心脏反应的影响。羔羊被暴露在一个快速或缓慢出现，不熟悉或熟悉的视觉刺激下。突然引起了惊吓反应和心率的增加。不熟悉引起定向反应。突发性和不熟悉性的组合增强了心率增加和行为取向反应。这些结果支持了情绪表达的特异性和调节性假设。
Appraisal theories state that an emotion results from an individual's evaluation of a stimulating event, which is based on a set of criteria. Each criterion triggers specific expressions that can be modulated by the outcome of other criteria. The authors analyzed the effects of the criteria of suddenness, unfamiliarity, and their combination on behavioral and cardiac responses in lambs (Ovis aries). Lambs were exposed to a visual stimulus that appeared either rapidly or slowly and was either unfamiliar or familiar. Suddenness induced a startle response and an increase in heart rate. Unfamiliarity induced an orientation response. The combination of suddenness and unfamiliarity enhanced both the heart rate increase and the behavioral orientation response. These results support the hypotheses of specificity and modulation of emotional expressions.