Socioeconomic Disparities and Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disability.
Socioeconomic Disparities and Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disability.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0141964
复制
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Arnaud C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Delobel-Ayoub M;Ehlinger V;Klapouszczak D;Maffre T;Raynaud JP;Delpierre C;Arnaud C
社会经济地位对自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和严重智力障碍（ID）影响的研究产生了相互矛盾的结果。最近欧洲的研究表明，与美国的报告不同，低社会经济地位与ASD风险增加有关。对于智力残疾，其与社会经济地位的关系因其严重程度而异。我们希望澄清社会经济地位与ASD患病率（伴有或不伴有ID）和孤立的严重ID之间的联系。500名自闭症儿童和245名重度ID儿童（IQ <50），年龄8岁，出生于1995年至2004年，从法国人口登记中招募。入选依据《国际疾病分类》第10版病历中报告的临床诊断。社会经济地位是通过街区人口普查一级的指标来衡量的，这些指标反映了儿童居住地区的人口特征。采用了贫困、就业、职业、教育、移民和家庭结构等措施。以一般人口中社会经济水平的位数定义的普查单位组之间的患病率进行比较。在贫困程度最高、失业成年人、无文凭者、移民和单亲家庭比例最高的地区，ASD与ID相关的患病率更高。当使用职业等级时，没有发现关联。对于无相关ID的ASD，在移民比例最高的地区患病率更高。其他社会经济指标没有发现关联。在所有指标界定的最弱势群体中，孤立的严重ID患病率可能更高。在剥夺程度最高的地区，ASD与相关ID和严重孤立ID的患病率更有可能更高。
Study of the impact of socioeconomic status on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and severe intellectual disabilities (ID) has yielded conflicting results. Recent European studies suggested that, unlike reports from the United States, low socioeconomic status is associated with an increased risk of ASD. For intellectual disabilities, the links with socioeconomic status vary according to the severity. We wished to clarify the links between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of ASD (with or without ID) and isolated severe ID. 500 children with ASD and 245 children with severe ID (IQ <50) aged 8 years, born 1995 to 2004, were recruited from a French population-based registry. Inclusions were based on clinical diagnoses reported in medical records according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Socioeconomic status was measured by indicators available at block census level which characterize the population of the child’s area of residence. Measures of deprivation, employment, occupation, education, immigration and family structure were used. Prevalences were compared between groups of census units defined by the tertiles of socioeconomic level in the general population. Prevalence of ASD with associated ID was higher in areas with the highest level of deprivation and the highest percentage of unemployed adults, persons with no diploma, immigrants and single-parent families. No association was found when using occupational class. Regarding ASD without associated ID, a higher prevalence was found in areas with the highest percentage of immigrants. No association was found for other socioeconomic indicators. The prevalence of isolated severe ID was likely to be higher in the most disadvantaged groups defined by all indicators. The prevalence of ASD with associated ID and of severe isolated ID is more likely to be higher in areas with the highest level of deprivation.