DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN RUSSIA AND DIRECTIONS FOR INCREASING ITS COMPETITIVENESS IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET
DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN RUSSIA AND DIRECTIONS FOR INCREASING ITS COMPETITIVENESS IN THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET
复制标题
俄罗斯农业发展及提高国际市场竞争力的方向
DOI：
10.12737/2073-0462-2023-191-198
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. Mikhaylova
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Minakov;I. Safiullin;V. Mikhaylova
农业是俄罗斯联邦国民经济的重要组成部分，是保障国家粮食安全的基础。农业的发展既受内部因素（气候、经济、劳动力资源、国家对农业的支持等）的影响，外部因素（来自不友好国家的制裁、世界市场价格等）。随着2022年特别军事行动的启动，提高俄罗斯农业在国际市场上的竞争力的重要性有所增加，因为它面临着新的挑战。由于来自不友好国家的大规模政治压力，该国被切断了农产工业部门所需的设备、备件、技术和种子的进口，供应链中断，进口商品价格上涨，出口出现问题。尽管存在这些困难，俄罗斯农业，尽管由于乳制品和肉类畜牧业指标的增长，作物产量下降，但总产量稳步增长。因此，与2017年相比，到2021年牛奶产量增加了7%，所有类型的肉类增加了10%。2021年，俄罗斯联邦的粮食、糖、肉和肉制品生产的自给自足水平超过了粮食安全原则的门槛水平;土豆、牛奶和乳制品、蔬菜、水果和浆果的生产低于门槛水平。此外，农业部门发展的一个积极时刻是该行业产品实物和货币出口量的增加，出口结构得到改善，其中有越来越多的加工农业原材料产品。但目前，不友好国家的制裁对俄罗斯联邦农业的发展及其在国际市场上的竞争力产生了负面影响。为了解决该行业的问题，有必要加强国家对农业生产者的支持，旨在增加该行业的投资和创新活动，发展进口替代（创造新产业）并确保粮食安全。
The agriculture of the Russian Federation is an important part of the national economy, the basis for ensuring the country’s food security. The development of agriculture is influenced by both internal factors (climate, economy, labor resources, state support for the industry, etc.) and external factors (sanctions from unfriendly countries, world market prices, etc.). The importance of increasing the competitiveness of the Russian agricultural industry in the international market has increased with the launch of a special military operation in 2022, as it has faced new challenges. As a result of large-scale political pressure from unfriendly states, the country was cut off from imports of equipment, spare parts, technologies and seeds necessary for the agro-industrial sector, supply chains were disrupted, prices for imported goods increased, and problems arose with exports. Despite these difficulties, Russian agriculture, despite the decline in crop production, due to the growth of indicators in dairy and meat animal husbandry, shows a steady increase in total production. So, in comparison with 2017, the volume of milk production by 2021 increased by 7%, and meat of all types - by 10%. The level of self-sufficiency of the Russian Federation in 2021 exceeded the threshold levels of the Food Security Doctrine for the production of grain, sugar, meat and meat products; below the threshold level was the production of potatoes, milk and dairy products, vegetables and gourds, fruits and berries. Also, a positive moment in the development of the agricultural sector is the increase in the volume of exports of the industry’s products both in kind and in monetary terms, the structure of exports has improved, where there are more and more products of processed agricultural raw materials. However, at present, the sanctions of unfriendly countries have a negative impact on the development of agriculture in the Russian Federation and on its competitiveness in the international market. To solve the problems of the industry, it is necessary to strengthen state support for agricultural producers, aimed at increasing investment and innovation activity in the industry, developing import substitution (creating new industries) and ensuring food security.