Morphological and cytological study in a new type of cytoplasmic male-sterile line CMS-GIG2 in sunflower (Helianthus annuus).
Morphological and cytological study in a new type of cytoplasmic male-sterile line CMS-GIG2 in sunflower (Helianthus annuus).
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1439-0523.2009.01667.x
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发表时间：
2010-02
期刊：
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Jinhan Zhang;L. Wang;A. Zhao;Hongliang Liu;C. Jan;Dunwu Qi;G. Liu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jinhan Zhang;L. Wang;A. Zhao;Hongliang Liu;C. Jan;Dunwu Qi;G. Liu
摘要细胞质雄性不育（CMS）是水稻杂交种生产的基础。通过与保持CMS-GIG 2雄性不育的保持系和恢复系（CMS-PET 1）杂交，进一步证实了CMS-GIG 2是一个新的低日照型不育系。用4、6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚二盐酸盐染色法观察了CMS-GIG 2的减数分裂，表明在减数分裂完成之前，小孢子形成被破坏。光镜观察表明，绒毡层细胞和中层细胞均呈放射状扩张，但不随时间的推移而降解，随后不能形成四分体和正常的小孢子。这种导致CMS-GIG 2雄性不育的形态缺陷不同于在PET 1 CMS类型中观察到的。CMS-GIG 2将为杂交水稻育种提供更多的遗传多样性。关键词：向日葵- 细胞质雄性不育-小孢子发生-减数分裂细胞质雄性不育（CMS）是一种母系遗传的性状，已在150多个植物物种中被描述，其特征是不能产生功能性花粉粒，但营养体和雌性发育均被排除（Kaul 1988）。欧洲太阳能合作研究网络的粮农组织技术咨询报告了72种不同来源的雄性不育太阳能（Serieys 2005），包括（i）自然界中自发发生的突变体，如ANN 1、ANN 2、ANN 3和ANN 4（Serieys 1984）;（ii）种间杂交后代，如ARG 3（Christov 1992）、CMG 1、CMG 2和CMG 3（Whelan and Dedio 1980）;（iii）种内杂交后代，如ANT 1（Vranceanu等，1986），ANL 2（Heiser 1982）和ANL 1（Anashchenko等，1974）和（iv）来自PET 1细胞质的两个保持系的诱变的MUT 1和MUT 2（Christov 1993）。Sun Moover CMS-PET 1是在向日葵属种间杂交种Helianthus petiolaris ·Helianthus annuus（Leclercq 1969）的后代中首次鉴定的，这是广泛用于油籽杂交生产的唯一来源。除了寻找新的CMS源和相应的育性恢复系以扩大杂交制种的遗传多样性外，更多的研究工作集中在与CMS相关的败育机制和嵌合基因上。petiolaris和H. annuus，表明花药败育是由于减数分裂II后绒毡层退化和解体所致（Horner 1977，Laveau et al. 1989）。在一些作物中，如灰绿狼尾草，小麦，甘蓝型油菜和玉米，具有相同核基因型的不同细胞质不育系表现出不同的败育阶段、小孢子发育的败育过程或绒毡层的异常（Li and Sun 1996，查布拉et al. 1997，Zhou et al. 1997，Long et al. 2005）。本研究的目的是通过比较CMS-GIG 2和公共油用低阳交保持系HA 89的花药发育，确定新不育系的败育阶段，同时初步鉴定一个不同于PET 1（H. petiolaris细胞质和H. annuus nucleus）的小孢子败育反应，并与已鉴定的艾德系PET 1杂交。
Abstract Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is essential for sunflower hybridproduction. CMS-GIG2, a new sunflower CMS type, was furtherconfirmed by crossing with the maintainer and restorer lines for theCMS-PET1, both of which maintain the male sterility of CMS-GIG2.Meiotic division in CMS-GIG2 was observed with 4¢6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining, indicating that microsporeformation was disrupted before the meiotic cytokinesis was com-pleted. Light microscopy observation showed that both middle layerand tapetal cells expand radially rather than degrade over time,followed by failure to form tetrads and normal microspores. Thismorphological defect leading to male sterility in CMS-GIG2 differsfrom that observed in the PET1 CMS type. CMS-GIG2 will certainlyprovide additional genetic diversity for sunflower hybrid breedingprogrammes. Key words: Helianthus annuus L. — cytoplasmic male sterility— microsporogenesis — meiotic divisionCytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inheritedtrait that has been described in more than 150 plant species,and is characterized by the inability to produce functionalpollen grains, but both vegetative and female development areunaffected (Kaul 1988). The FAO Technical Consultation ofthe European Cooperative Research Network on Sunflowerreported 72 male-sterile sunflower sources of different origins(Serieys 2005), including (i) mutants spontaneously occurringin nature, such as ANN1, ANN2, ANN3 and ANN4(Serieys 1984); (ii) interspecific cross progeny such as ARG3(Christov 1992), CMG1, CMG2 and CMG3 (Whelan andDedio 1980); (iii) intraspecific crosses progeny such as ANT1(Vranceanu et al. 1986), ANL2 (Heiser 1982) and ANL1(Anashchenko et al. 1974) and (iv) MUT1 and MUT2 frommutagenesis of two maintainer lines for the PET1 cytoplasm(Christov 1993). SunflowerCMS-PET1wasfirstidentifiedintheprogeny of the interspecific cross Helianthus petiolaris ·Helianthus annuus (Leclercq 1969), which is the only sourceextensively used in oilseed hybrid production. In addition toidentifying new sources of CMS and corresponding fertilityrestorers to broaden the genetic diversity of hybrid seedproduction, more research work has been focused on theabortionmechanismaswellasthechimericgenesrelatedtoCMS.The observation of microsporogenesis development inCMS-PET1, with the cytoplasm of H. petiolaris and nucleusof H. annuus, indicates that the anther abortion is due totapetum degeneration and disintegration after meiosis II(Horner 1977, Laveau et al. 1989). In some crops, such asPennisetum glaucum L., Triticum aestivum L., Brassica napus L.and Zea mays L., different CMS cytoplasm genotypes with thesame nuclear genotype display various abortion stages,abortion process of microspore development or abnormaltapetum (Li and Sun 1996, Chhabra et al. 1997, Zhou et al.1997, Long et al. 2005). Therefore, the observation ofmicrospore development in different sunflower CMS typeswill extend our knowledge of the important cytoplasmic effectsoccurring during pollen production.The objectives of this study were to compare the antherdevelopment of CMS-GIG2 with HA 89, a public oilseedsunflower inbred maintainer line to confirm the abortion stageof the new CMS, meanwhile, we can primarily identify a newCMS type different from PETl (H. petiolaris cytoplasm andH. annuus nucleus) based on its different reflects in themicrospore abortion as well as cross with some identified linesfor PET1.