How many founders for a biological invasion? Predicting introduction outcomes from propagule pressure
How many founders for a biological invasion? Predicting introduction outcomes from propagule pressure
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DOI：
10.1890/13-0527.1
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Gozlan, Rodolphe Elie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Britton, John Robert;Gozlan, Rodolphe Elie
关于生物入侵的生态理论试图描述入侵成功的预测因素以及种群建立的不同驱动因素的相对重要性。一个突出的问题是繁殖压力如何决定种群建立的概率，其中繁殖压力是引入到特定位置的物种个体数量（繁殖体大小）及其引入频率（繁殖体数量）。在这里，我们在三个繁殖季节使用大型复制的中生态池塘来确定繁殖体的大小和数量如何预测世界上最具侵入性的鱼类之一——拟麦穗鱼（Pseudorasbora parva）的定殖概率，以及它在定殖期间对个体体细胞生长的影响。我们证明，虽然需要 11 对引入鱼（一对是 1 只雄性，1 只雌性）才能使定殖概率超过 95%，但定殖也发生在低繁殖体尺寸（1-5 对）时。尽管单次引入事件与多个事件在实现定殖方面一样有效，但多次引入中使用的繁殖体大小高于检测到的定殖阈值。三个繁殖季节后，种群丰度也是繁殖体大小的函数，只有当繁殖体大小超过 25 对时，丰度快速增加才明显。这最初得益于适应的生物特征，包括有助于克服人口瓶颈的快速个体体细胞生长。
Ecological theory on biological invasions attempts to characterize the predictors of invasion success and the relative importance of the different drivers of population establishment. An outstanding question is how propagule pressure determines the probability of population establishment, where propagule pressure is the number of individuals of a species introduced into a specific location (propagule size) and their frequency of introduction (propagule number). Here, we used large-scale replicated mesocosm ponds over three reproductive seasons to identify how propagule size and number predict the probability of establishment of one of world's most invasive fish, Pseudorasbora parva, as well as its effect on the somatic growth of individuals during establishment. We demonstrated that, although a threshold of 11 introduced pairs of fish (a pair is 1 male, 1 female) was required for establishment probability to exceed 95%, establishment also occurred at low propagule size (1-5 pairs). Although single introduction events were as effective as multiple events at enabling establishment, the propagule sizes used in the multiple introductions were above the detected threshold for establishment. After three reproductive seasons, population abundance was also a function of propagule size, with rapid increases in abundance only apparent when propagule size exceeded 25 pairs. This was initially assisted by adapted biological traits, including rapid individual somatic growth that helped to overcome demographic bottlenecks.