The evolution of the age of onset of resistance to infectious disease
The evolution of the age of onset of resistance to infectious disease
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传染病抵抗力发病年龄的演变
DOI：
10.1101/2022.11.01.514666
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Buckingham L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buckingham L
随着年龄的增长，许多生物体的抗病能力都会增强，但这种变化发生的时间各不相同。抵抗力的增加部分是由于先前的暴露和生理限制，但这些不能完全解释观察到的与年龄相关的抵抗力模式。另一种解释是，在较早的年龄产生抵抗力会损害其他生活史特征。在这里，我们探讨了宿主繁殖或死亡率的权衡如何影响抗性发作的演变，这取决于宿主生命周期中何时支付成本（仅当抗性正在发展时，仅当抗性时或在整个生命周期中）。我们发现，付出代价的时间对于决定进化结果至关重要，通常会导致抵抗力在早期或晚期产生的差异。因此，生物系统的准确建模不仅依赖于了解权衡的形式，还依赖于了解权衡何时生效。我们还发现耐药发生率的进化可能导致进化分支。这提供了抗病性二态性种群的另一种可能的进化史，其中抗药性发生率而不是抗药性水平多样化。
Many organisms experience an increase in disease resistance as they age, but the time of life at which this change occurs varies. Increases in resistance are partially due to prior exposure and physiological constraints, but these cannot fully explain the observed patterns of age-related resistance. An alternative explanation is that developing resistance at an earlier age incurs costs to other life-history traits. Here, we explore how trade-offs with host reproduction or mortality affect the evolution of the onset of resistance, depending on when during the host’s life cycle the costs are paid (only when resistance is developing, only when resistant or throughout the lifetime). We find that the timing of the costs is crucial to determining evolutionary outcomes, often making the difference between resistance developing at an early or late age. Accurate modelling of biological systems therefore relies on knowing not only the shape of trade-offs but also when they take effect. We also find that the evolution of the rate of onset of resistance can result in evolutionary branching. This provides an alternative, possible evolutionary history of populations which are dimorphic in disease resistance, where the rate of onset of resistance has diversified rather than the level of resistance.