Declining Use of Wild Resources by Indigenous Peoples of the Ecuadorian Amazon.
Declining Use of Wild Resources by Indigenous Peoples of the Ecuadorian Amazon.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2014.12.022
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Bilsborrow, Richard E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gray, Clark L.;Bozigar, Matthew;Bilsborrow, Richard E.
森林居民的野生产品采伐，包括狩猎、捕鱼、森林产品采集和木材采伐，被认为是对全世界热带森林生物多样性的主要威胁。尽管存在这种威胁，但很少有研究试图在时间或大空间尺度上量化这些活动。我们使用一项独特的纵向家庭调查（n = 480）来描述厄瓜多尔北部亚马逊地区五个种族的32个土著社区的这些活动随时间的变化。为了深入了解这些变化的驱动因素，我们还估计了这些活动作为家庭和社区特征函数的多层次统计模型。这些分析表明，狩猎、捕鱼和森林产品采集的参与率很高，但随着时间和种族的不同而下降，没有证据表明资源质量也在下降。然而，参与采伐木材的人数并没有显著减少，而且有证据表明资源质量有所下降。多层统计模型还显示，家庭和社区特征，如种族、人口特征、财富、生计多样化、森林获取、参与保护计划和接触外部市场，是野生产品采伐的重要预测因素。这些特征随着时间的推移而改变，但不能解释参与资源收集的人数下降的原因。这一发现表明，由于区域规模的社会和经济环境的变化，包括城市化和政府基础设施和服务的扩张，参与率正在下降。保护主义者得到的教训是，宏观的社会和经济条件可以推动野生产品采伐的减少，即使没有成功的保护干预措施。
Wild product harvesting by forest-dwelling peoples, including hunting, fishing, forest product collection and timber harvesting, is believed to be a major threat to the biodiversity of tropical forests worldwide. Despite this threat, few studies have attempted to quantify these activities across time or across large spatial scales. We use a unique longitudinal household survey (n = 480) to describe changes in these activities over time in 32 indigenous communities from five ethnicities in the northern Ecuadorian Amazon. To provide insight into the drivers of these changes, we also estimate multilevel statistical models of these activities as a function of household and community characteristics. These analyses reveal that participation in hunting, fishing, and forest product collection is high but declining across time and across ethnicities, with no evidence for a parallel decline in resource quality. However, participation in timber harvesting did not significantly decline and there is evidence of a decline in resource quality. Multilevel statistical models additionally reveal that household and community characteristics such as ethnicity, demographic characteristics, wealth, livelihood diversification, access to forest, participation in conservation programs and exposure to external markets are significant predictors of wild product harvesting. These characteristics have changed over time but cannot account for declining participation in resource harvesting. This finding suggests that participation is declining due to changes in the regional-scale social and economic context, including urbanization and the expansion of government infrastructure and services. The lesson for conservationists is that macro-scale social and economic conditions can drive reductions in wild product harvesting even in the absence of successful conservation interventions.
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影响因子：
0.8
作者：
McSweeney, K;Arps, S
通讯作者：
Arps, S
影响因子：
0.8
作者：
Bilsborrow, Richard E.;Barbieri, Alisson F.;Pan, William
通讯作者：
Pan, William
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Bremner, Jason;Bilsborrow, Richard;Holt, Flora Lu
通讯作者：
Holt, Flora Lu
影响因子：
2
作者：
Kolenikov, Stanislav;Angeles, Gustavo
通讯作者：
Angeles, Gustavo
影响因子：
1.1
作者：
Espinosa, M.
通讯作者：
Espinosa, M.