Sleep-Active Neurons: Conserved Motors of Sleep.
Sleep-Active Neurons: Conserved Motors of Sleep.
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DOI：
10.1534/genetics.117.300521
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发表时间：
2018-04
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bringmann H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bringmann H
睡眠对生存和健康至关重要。这种行为和生理状态已经在所有主要的遗传可及模型动物中进行了研究，包括啮齿动物、鱼、苍蝇和蠕虫。遗传学和光遗传学研究已经确定了几个控制睡眠的神经元，现在可以比较不同物种的电路机制。动物物种的睡眠“马达”是由神经元形成的，这些神经元在睡眠开始时去兴奋，通过直接抑制觉醒来积极诱导这种状态。这些睡眠诱导神经元本身由抑制性或激活性上游通路控制，这些通路充当睡眠运动的“驱动者”：觉醒抑制“睡眠活跃”神经元，而各种促进睡眠的“疲劳”通路则会聚到睡眠活跃神经元上，以使其去极化。这篇综述提供了第一个概述的睡眠活跃的神经元在主要的模型动物。在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物物种中，睡眠活跃神经元的出现及其上游通路的调节表明，这些神经元是在神经系统历史早期进化的一般和古老的组成部分。
Sleep is crucial for survival and well-being. This behavioral and physiological state has been studied in all major genetically accessible model animals, including rodents, fish, flies, and worms. Genetic and optogenetic studies have identified several neurons that control sleep, making it now possible to compare circuit mechanisms across species. The “motor” of sleep across animal species is formed by neurons that depolarize at the onset of sleep to actively induce this state by directly inhibiting wakefulness. These sleep-inducing neurons are themselves controlled by inhibitory or activating upstream pathways, which act as the “drivers” of the sleep motor: arousal inhibits “sleep-active” neurons whereas various sleep-promoting “tiredness” pathways converge onto sleep-active neurons to depolarize them. This review provides the first overview of sleep-active neurons across the major model animals. The occurrence of sleep-active neurons and their regulation by upstream pathways in both vertebrate and invertebrate species suggests that these neurons are general and ancient components that evolved early in the history of nervous systems.